Introduction: In spoiled gradient-recalled echo pulse sequences, the standard RF spoiling scheme uses an ever increasing phase angle of the RF pulse and crusher gradients to spoil the transverse magnetization [1]: φn=φn-1+nφseed. Optimal ideal seed values have been arrived at either from experimentation or simulation for a particular set of imaging parameters or cost function [2,3]. The paramet...

Using a function algebra characterization of exponential time due to Monien 5], in the style of Bellantoni-Cook 2], we characterize exponential time functions of linear growth via a safe course-of-values recursion scheme.

Trinidad has tar sand resources of about 2 billion barrels of oil on land in the Parrylands/Guapo and Brighton areas. With an oil price of over USD 25 per barrel, the commercial extraction of oil from Trinidad tar sands is viable, but it requires a careful study. The relatively small extent of this tar sand (about 10,000 acres and with depths varying from surface to less than 500 feet) and with...

This article is a critical review of some of the methods that have been used for the sampling, analysis, and monitoring of vapor-phase toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Only some of the methods that have received relatively widespread application have been addressed in this article. This review includes a "tutorial style" discussion of basic definitions and basic principles and procedures of quality ...

BACKGROUND It is well established that radiofrequency (RF) ablation is the most cost effective treatment strategy for patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Previous cost estimates assumed at least an overnight stay following RF ablation. Day stay RF ablation however appears to be a safe alternative. AIMS The aim of this study was to compare day stay and inpatient catheter ablation in te...

Assessment of exposure to airborne endotoxins has been studied for several years, especially in occupational environments, but a large number of procedures are used for sampling and analysis. This lack of standardization makes it very difficult to compare results and set internationally accepted threshold limit values (TLVs) or occupational exposure limits (OELs) for endotoxin exposure. This pa...

The interaction of two lanthanides Cerium (Ce3+) and Gadolinium (Gd3+) and two heavy metal ions Manganese (Mn2+) and Zinc (Zn2+) with various biological proteins Bovine Serum Albumin, Human Serum Albumin, β-lactoglobulin, Myoglobin and Ovalbumin were studied by using mobility shift affinity capillary electrophoresis. The used ACE method offers fast operation using shorter capillary, small injec...

This paper deals with the biological aspects of the receptive field (RF) concept and its possible Cellular Neural Network (CNN) modeling. Three kinds of receptive field definitions are discussed: the experimentally measured RF, the mathematical model of the RF and its anatomical background. Recently, new RF-mapping techniques have revealed that neurons in the visual pathway exhibit striking RF ...