In this paper we respond to the criticisms of Provenza et al. (1998) that our framework of learning and feeding motivation (Day et al. 1998) resorts to higher order goals, which cannot be falsified by experimentation. We assert that in order to be able to predict the feeding behaviour of animals we first need to understand what they are trying to achieve (i.e. invoke teleonomy). We then detail ...

Parenting behaviors, such as the provisioning of food by parents to offspring, are known to be highly responsive to changes in environment. However, we currently know little about how such flexibility affects the ways in which parenting is adapted and evolves in response to environmental variation. This is because few studies quantify how individuals vary in their response to changing environme...

background adolescence and youth are life-threatening stages of development when a range of unsafe behaviors can harmfully affect a person’s health and their social and educational performance. objectives the present study aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of high-risk behaviors related to intentional and unintentional harm in adolescents of zahedan (iran). patients and methods th...

BACKGROUND There is a lack of validated instruments for quantifying feeding behavior among parents of older children and adolescents. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is a self-report measure to assess multiple parental feeding practices. The CFPQ is originally designed for use with parents of children ranging in age from about 2 to 8 years. It is previously validated wi...

Under Putin's tenure, the geopolitical representation of Russia as an ‘energy superpower’ has become a powerful mainstay for restoration global status and revanchist foreign policy. This article seeks to assess extent which such nationalist narrative is prevalent among Russian academics in oil gas sector. Using survey administered research teaching staff selected industrial universities 2021, w...

background there are many risky behaviors that threat adolescents and must receive specific attention. research has shown that personality pattern behaviors have a significant relationship with risky behaviors. objectives the objective of this study was to clarify the role of personality pattern behaviors in risky behaviors of high school students in chabahar city. patients and methods three hu...

background religion and health have recently received much attention in modern medicine. several studies in various parts of the world have supported the role of religion as a protective factor against mental disorders. one of the common traumas in the field of mental health is suicidal behaviors. adherence to religious beliefs plays an important role in preventing suicidal behaviors. objective...

the carpet industry developed various types of respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, eyesight problems,  carpal tunnel syndrome and skin problems. healthy behavior of carpet weavers is not in a desirable level. we recommended appropriate interventions such as health service, education improvement and advocacy for promoting healthy behaviors of carpet weavers.

A cornerstone of ecological theory is the ecological niche. Yet little is known about how individuals come to adopt it: whether it is innate or learned. Here, we report a cross-fostering experiment in the wild where we transferred eggs of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, to nests of great tits, Parus major, and vice versa, to quantify the consequences of being reared in a different social contex...

There is growing concern that global environmental change might exacerbate the ecological impacts of invasive species by increasing their per capita effects on native species. However, the mechanisms underlying such shifts in interaction strength are poorly understood. Here, we test whether ocean acidification, driven by elevated seawater pCO₂, increases the susceptibility of native Olympia oys...