Wild animals are considered reservoirs for emerging and reemerging viruses, such as the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies have reported that bats ticks harbored variable important pathogenic some of which could cause potential diseases in humans livestock, while viruses carried by reptiles were rarely reported. Our study first conducted snakes’...

Retroviral integrases catalyze two reactions, 3'-processing of viral DNA ends, followed by integration of the processed ends into chromosomal DNA. X-ray crystal structures of integrase-DNA complexes from prototype foamy virus, a member of the Spumavirus genus of Retroviridae, have revealed the structural basis of integration and how clinically relevant integrase strand transfer inhibitors work....

We have identified the major immunogenic structural proteins of the human foamy virus (HFV), a distinct member of the foamy virus subfamily of Retroviridae. Radiolabelled viral proteins were immunoprecipitated from HFV-infected cells by foamy virus antisera of human and non-human primate origin. Precipitated viral proteins were in the range of 31K to 170K. Labelling of proteins with [14C]glucos...

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1, HTLV-2) belong to the Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus1,2 and have similar biological properties, with tropism of T lymphocytes. They are associated with rare lymphoproliferative diseases.3,4 Brazil has a high seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among blood donors. The mean prevalence ranges from 0.4/1000 in Florianópolis to 10.0/1000 in São Luí...

The transmission of viruses from one host to another typically occurs through horizontal or vertical pathways. pathways include amongst individuals, usually bodily fluids excretions, while transpires mother their offspring, either during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding. While there are more than 200 human pathogenic date, only a small number them known be transmitted via breast milk, inclu...

When human samples are sequenced, many assembled contigs are "unknown", as conventional alignments find no similarity to known sequences. Hidden Markov models (HMM) exploit the positions of specific nucleotides in protein-encoding codons in various microbes. The algorithm HMMER3 implements HMM using a reference set of sequences encoding viral proteins, "vFam". We used HMMER3 analysis of "unknow...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the worldwide disseminated causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a member of the Lentivirus genus of Retroviridae family and is grouped in two types named HIV-1 and HIV-2. These viruses have a notable ability to mutate and adapt to the new conditions of human environment. A large incidence of errors at the transcriptional leve...

A leucemia felina (FeLV) é causada por um vírus da família Retroviridae do gênero Gammaretrovírus, podendo acometer ocasionalmente os felinos selvagens e também domésticos. Possui quatro subgrupos: FeLV-A, B, C T. Sua patogenia complexa depende de diversos fatores, mas o principal sistema imune animal. Por ser uma doença imunossupressora, felino fica susceptível a inúmeras doenças e, isso, sint...

Enveloped viruses are a large population of known viruses that are human and animal pathogens. Therefore, studies to determine the overall architecture and fine ultrastructure of enveloped viruses are essential. All enveloped viruses are covered by a lipid-coat derived from the host cell’s plasma membrane. Due to the processes associated with virus assembly and budding many of them exhibit vary...