A number of systemic disorders are attended by distinct changes in blood vessels. The retinal vessels can easily be inspected with an ophthalmoscope. Some changes in retinal vessels allow us to draw direct conclusions about the status of blood vessels in the entire body. Major systemic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension, can lead to typical changes in the retinal vessels with the result...

Diabetic retinopathy lesion detection such as exudate in fundus image of retina can lead to early diagnosis of the disease. Retinal image includes dark areas such as main blood vessels and retinal tissue and also bright areas such as optic disk, optical fibers and lesions e.g. exudate. In this paper, a multistage algorithm for the detection of exudate in foreground is proposed. The algorithm se...

In babies who are born preterm (before 37 weeks), the retinal blood vessels are not fully formed and do not reach the ora serrata (Figure 2). If a preterm baby is examined a week or so after birth, it is possible to see whether the blood vessels are mature and have reached the ora serrata, or whether they are immature; i.e., the peripheral retina is not vascularised. If babies receive good neon...

The thesis aims to investigate the performance and potential of wavelets in the context of feature detection in retinal imaging, and to use those results to develop a robust algorithm that can reliably detect the blood vessels within retinal photographs. Detection of blood vessels in retinal images is an important step in the predictions and diagnosis of cardio-vascular diseases, such as hypert...

In this paper, we present an automated method to segment blood vessels in fundus retinal images. The method could be used to support a non-intrusive diagnosis in modern ophthalmology for early detection of retinal diseases, treatment evaluation or clinical study. Our method combines the bias correction to correct the intensity inhomogeneity of the retinal image, and a matched filter to enhance ...

Blood vessel segmentation from the retinal images is extremely important for assessing retinal abnormalities. A good amount of research has been reported on blood vessel segmentation, but significant improvement is still a necessity particularly on minor vessel segmentation. As the local contrast of blood vessels is unstable (intensity variation), especially in unhealthy retinal images, it beco...

In cases with persistent primary vitreous in full-term infants there were vitreoretinal reactions including vitreoretinal anastomoses of blood vessels, vitreoretinal strands, traction folds of the retina, avascular retinal areas, hypoplasia of retinal blood vessels, rarefaction of retinal ganglion cells, and ischaemic structural changes of the retina. New vessel formation on the surface of avas...

Retinal vessels are the only blood vessels that can be viewed directly, in vivo, repetitively and non-invasively. Retinal vessel caliber is influenced by physiological (age, sex, race, blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index) and pathological (atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, smoking) determinants. There are studies on large population groups that demonstrate the associations between retin...

Retinal images play vital role in several applications such as disease diagnosis and human recognition. They also play a major role in early detection of diabetics by comparing the states of the retinal blood vessels. The detection of blood vessels from the retinal images is a tedious process. In this work a new algorithm to detect the blood vessels effectively has been proposed. Initially enha...

With the advancement of CAD (Computer Assisted Diagnosis) Image Processing in Medical Field has created its own niche. Retinal Blood Vessels are highly complicated with low contrast and of very thin diameter which often causes failure in diagnosis of exact abnormalities. However, many researchers have worked on enhancement and segmentation of Retinal Blood Vessels through various methods over t...