Using inulin as indicator of the extracellular fluid volume, the effects of Pitressin on the movements of sodium and potassium were studied in the nephrectomized rat together with simultaneously determined direct blood pressure values. Pitressin caused a movement of sodium and water into cells coupled with the extrusion of some potassium during the phase of blood pressure elevation. The beginni...

To test the hypothesis that the magnitude of reduction in plasma volume and work capacity following exposure to simulated microgravity is dependent on the initial level of aerobic fitness, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured in a group of physically fit subjects and compared with VO2peak in a group of relatively unfit subjects before and after 10 days of continuous 6 degrees head-down til...

Grand canonical simulations, ~specified chemical potential!, are performed with a fixed number of particles by coupling variations in the system size to the instantaneous chemical potential determined by virtual test particle methods. This is a modified form of the pseudogrand canonical method of Mehta and Kofke @Mol. Phys. 86, 139 ~1995!#. For dense fluids the method has the advantage of allow...

TOPIC: Education, Research, and Quality Improvement TYPE: Original Investigations PURPOSE: Parenteral fluid intake in acute care is typically consists of bolus maintenance IV fluids, parenteral nutrition, diluent considerations for medications. The hidden contribution from small volume parenterals (SVP) medications (e.g. antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, chemotherapy, chemotherapy support d...

Applications of the Wang-Landau algorithm for simulating phase coexistence at fixed temperature are presented. The number density is sampled using either volume scaling or particle insertion/deletion. The resulting algorithms, while being conceptually easy, are of comparable efficiency to existing multicanonical methods but with the advantage that neither the chemical potential nor the pressure...