Production and approval of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was a millstone in antibody-based targeted therapy in the cancer treatment. However, despite the early success in the clinical trials, trastuzumab failed to appreciate the initial attraction due to development of resistance to the drug. The majority of patients who benefit from the drug...

mara activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. thus, mara causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. the activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of mara. this could happen through mutation in marr. thus, the aim of this study...

MarA activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. Thus, MarA causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. The activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of marA. This could happen through mutation in marR. Thus, the aim of this study...

MarA activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. Thus, MarA causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. The activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of marA. This could happen through mutation in marR. Thus, the aim of this study...

background : insecticide resistance is one of the serious problems for german cockroach control program. this study was conducted to determine the bendiocarb and carbaryl resistance mechanisms in german cockroaches using the piperonyl butoxide (pbo). methods : bioassay tests were conducted with 4 to 6 different concentrations of both insecticides with four replicates of 10 susceptible strain co...