The broad relevance and importance of bounded arithmetic and propositional proof complexity are well appreciated; these subjects are two of three which are interconnected in various and interesting ways, the third subject being computational complexity theory. This latter area is rife with old, well-established open problems and one good way to get at them is by studying the other two, whose pr...

The ability of the United States to most efficiently make breakthroughs on the biology, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases requires that physicians and scientists in each state have equal access to federal research grants and grant dollars. However, despite legislative and administrative efforts to ensure equal access, the majority of funding for biomedical research is concentrated in a ...

the main goal of this research is the explanation and critiques of the concept of learning in paideia proposal that has been done according to adler’s view. in order to achieve this goal, the descriptive-analytic method was used. according to this research, the properties of learning in relation to the content of learning, teaching, the role of teacher, the being active in learning in paideia p...

Triggered by the release in Feb., 2002 by the Federal Communications Commission of their first authorization for UWB[1], UWB research has been making fast progress across the world. The applications of UWB technology range from multimedia communications, through radar and biomedical image reconstruction, to positioning. Most of the system development for these applications requires the numerica...

Qualitative research in the health sciences has had to overcome many prejudices and a number of misunderstandings, but today qualitative research is as acceptable as quantitative research designs and is widely funded and published. Writing the proposal of a qualitative study, however, can be a challenging feat, due to the emergent nature of the qualitative research design and the description of...

Test-Driven Development (TDD), has been argued to provide many benefits in improving code quality (e.g. defect reduction), with minimal impact to cost (e.g. productivity). However, it has been noted that it is difficult to teach TDD to novice programmers, as the idea that tests can be written before code is a radical concept for most software developers (Janzen Saiedian 2005). Another factor co...