Autonomy for autonomous vehicles is achieved at the level of decision making. This paper discusses the lack of autonomous decision making in current unmanned vehicle platforms. Although current unmanned vehicles are often termed as autonomous, they rely on the communications and decisions established with and by the operator. In order to achieve this autonomy during mission without requiring op...

The high reliability of modern engineering systems is achieved by performing predictive maintenance. Mathematical models based on stochastic timed colored Petri nets are an effective tool for developing complex production processes Industry 4.0. This article discusses the maintainability evaluation used in hierarchical net models. simulation model was built using nets, and constructed with four...

On-road emissions are precisely the emissions which are impacting the air quality and which need to be controlled if air quality improvements are desired. Remote sensing measures mass emissions of CO, HC, NO and smoke per kg (or per L) of fuel burned. On-road emissions are not certification emissions for new vehicles, although new vehicles measured on-road most often provide remote sensing read...

BACKGROUND In vivo studies showing the effects of biologic healing-promoting factors on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair have focused only on biologic healing-promoting factors and have not taken into consideration the effect of the carrier vehicle. Moreover, most studies have evaluated the healing process using different carrier vehicles, each of which may have specific effects...

The provision of urban public transport in Indonesia is not free of problems. Some of the problems include: an overall lack of capacity, lack of quality and choice, severe traffic congestions and insufficient fund to renew and repair vehicles. Generally, the comfort and quality of the city bus is poor, and many of the vehicles are dilapidated and dirty. Surveys were carried out in the city of Y...

The two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP) consists in making deliveries to a set of customers using two distinct fleets of vehicles. First-level vehicles pick up requests at a distribution center and bring them to intermediate sites. At these locations, the requests are transferred to second-level vehicles, which deliver them. This paper addresses a variant of the 2E-VRP that integrates ...

This study investigates the scheduling of mechanical repairs performed at a Portuguese firm in automobile sector. The aim is to reduce amount time that vehicles spend inactive between interventions by developing mathematical model takes into account available resources and mechanics, necessary interventions, required for each repair. To accomplish this, mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) w...

Future combat systems necessarily focus on lightweight, highly mobile and transportable armored vehicles. Lightweight composite integral armor systems are being developed to meet these needs. The goal of this paper is to centrally document he myriad design requirements for composite integral armors that serve multZunctiona1 roles including ballistic, structural, shock, electromagnetic, and fire...