The kidney is a major site of arginine synthesis where citrulline is converted to arginine via argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and lyase (ASL). The rate-limiting step in arginine synthesis by the normal kidney is the rate of citrulline delivery and uptake to the renal cortex. We tested whether with chronic kidney disease (CKD) renal arginine synthesis may be compromised. Using the 5/6 renal ab...

The clearance route and the absolute values for hepatic and renal clearance of drugs are important criteria for the selection of drug candidates. Based on pharmacokinetic theory, by assuming that uptake is the rate-determining process for the biliary excretion of drugs, organ intrinsic clearance should be simply estimated by the intrinsic uptake. In this study, to investigate whether organ clea...

UNLABELLED Nephrotoxicity due to renal reabsorption of radiolabeled peptides limits the tumor dose in peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT). Therefore, we evaluated the ability of several agents to inhibit the renal accumulation of different radiopeptides. METHODS Male Wistar rats (4 per group) were injected intravenously with 1 MBq of (111)In-labeled octreotide (OCT), minigastrin (MG), bombes...

Release of glucose by liver and kidney are both increased in diabetic animals. Although the overall release of glucose into the circulation is increased in humans with diabetes, excessive release of glucose by either their liver or kidney has not as yet been demonstrated. The present experiments were therefore undertaken to assess the relative contributions of hepatic and renal glucose release ...

UNLABELLED Renal function is known to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular prognosis, and cardiorenal disease is increasingly investigated in medical research. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a single combined cardiorenal scintigraphy examination with the perfusion tracer (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin is feasible and may allow the simultaneous investigation of cardiac and renal pathology ...

Effects of Ca2+ antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem, on uptake and release of Ca2+ by microsomes of the renal cortex were studied. Verapamil inhibited the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by renal microsomes. Addition of 0.8 mM verapamil was required to produce 50% inhibition of the ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake. Diltiazem also depressed the Ca2+ uptake was not due to an increased permeability for Ca2+, ...

High incidence of multiple kidney stone formation has been observed among workers exposed to cadmium (Cd). Citrate is known to be a protective factor against renal stone formation. To study the direct effect of cadmium on citrate uptake by the renal brush border membrane, we exposed isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) to cadmium and determined their citrate uptake character...

Our previous kinetic analyses have shown that rat organic anion transporter 1 (rOat1; Slc22a6) and rOat3 (Slc22a8) are responsible for the renal uptake of p-aminohippurate and pravastatin, respectively. In this study, their contribution to the renal uptake of organic anions and nucleoside derivatives was examined by investigating the uptake by rOat1- and rOat3-expressing cells and kidney slices...

Considering the key role of renal dopamine in tubular sodium handling, we hypothesized that c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and Ang-(1-7) may regulate renal dopamine availability in tubular cells, contributing to Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibition. Present results show that CNP did not affect either (3)H-dopamine uptake in renal tissue or Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity; meanwhile, Ang-(1-7) was able t...

The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms that underlie the renal elimination of albumin-bound uremic toxins, particularly the highly bound furan acid 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), that accumulate in chronic renal failure. These toxins inhibit the binding of acidic drugs and have various other untoward effects. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distributio...