Within economics, there has been a recent effort to better understand the notion of culture, typically defined as beliefs, values, and norms held by individuals. Empirical work has focused on identifying systematic cultural differences between individuals from different ethnic and national backgrounds. More recently, attention has turned to the historical origins of cultural differences (e.g., ...

Abstract Background: Given the university students’ model role in the society and the importance of period of university education in selecting behavioral methods and lifestyles in the future have made it necessary to study the smoking pattern and its associated factors and complications among students. The aim of this study was to compare religious attitude and mental health between ...

The Jesuit mission to enslaved Africans founded in 1605 Cartagena de las Indias is amongst the most extraordinary religious developments of early colonial Latin America. By time Alonso Sandoval, S.J. and Pedro Claver, began their work baptize catechize thousands slaves who passed through Cartagena’s port each year, Society Jesus had already established a global missionary enterprise, including ...

Chinese family played a fundamental role in the spreading of Christianity China during Late Ming and Early Qing dynasty (17 century). The contact first Jesuit missionaries with people was usually limited to men, as e.g. Confucian scholars. Some them, however, converted their families after they became Catholic. These were very important basis for missionary work: supported missionaries, organiz...

Considering global trends of secularization and religious resurgence, it is unmistakable that the center of Christianity is moving from Europe and North America to Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This shift affects not only the nature of church life, but also the nature of mission and missionaries. A young, large, and zealous mission force is emerging that flows from ‘the South’ all over the w...