501 VOLUME 46__JUNE 17, 2009 Diarrheal disease continues to be a significant burden in terms of childhood morbidity and mortality despite tremendous progress in many fields. The 2007 Indian Academy of Pediatrics guidelines on management of acute diarrhea(1) emphasized three points: (i) low-osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the universal rehydration solution for all ages and types of...

Diarrhoea remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children in Nicaragua. As the majority of diarrhoeal cases are treated at home and appropriate household management can lessen severity of diarrhoea, the objective of this study was to examine household management of childhood diarrhoea. A simple random sample of households was selected from the Health and Demographic Surveil...

The avocado is a tropical fruit whose nutritional value is due mainly to its high lipid content. The aim of this work was to evaluate the rehydration of freeze-dried avocado (variety Collinson) powder and slices. The rehydration kinetics was determined using an experimental apparatus that monitored the volume of water absorbed by the sample with the time. Peleg and Weibull equations were used t...

A total of 315 young children with acute diarrhoea were included in a double blind, hospital based multicentre trial of loperamide at two dose levels (0.8 mg and 0.4 mg/kg/24 h), given with standard oral rehydration therapy versus placebo plus oral rehydration therapy. The overall recovery rate was slowest in the placebo group and fastest in the group given loperamide 0.8 mg. Comparisons betwee...

BACKGROUND Oral rehydration therapy is used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhoea. However the rehydration solution does not reduce stool loss or length of illness. A solution able to do this may lessen the use of ineffective diarrhoea treatments as well as improve morbidity and mortality related to diarrhoea. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of rice-based ...

Controversy continues regarding the optimal composition of glucose electrolyte oral rehydration solutions for the treatment of acute diarrhoea. Four perfusion models (normal human jejunum, normal rat small intestine, cholera toxin treated secreting rat small intestine and rotavirus infected rat small intestine) have been developed and used to compare the efficacy of a hypotonic oral rehydration...

CONTEXT Gastroenteritis remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity. OBJECTIVE Because prior reviews have focused on isolated symptoms and studies conducted in developing countries, this study focused on interventions commonly considered for use in developed countries. Intervention specific, patient-centered outcomes were selected. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of S...

Relative air humidity fluctuations could potentially affect the development and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms in their environments. This study aimed to characterize the impact of relative air humidity (RH) variations on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium persisting on food processing plant surfaces. To assess conditions leading to the lowest survival rate, four stra...

Carrots have one of the highest levels of carotene, and they are rich in vitamins, fiber and minerals. However, since fresh carrots wilt rapidly after harvest under inappropriate storage conditions, drying has been used to improve their shelf life and retain nutritional quality. Therefore, to further investigate the potential of this method, carrot slices were dried in an EHD system in order to...

OBJECTIVE Despite evidence supporting its use, nasogastric rehydration is rarely used in North America. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, 3-phase study to evaluate current perspectives. METHODS We compared the proportions of respondents in favor of nasogastric (as opposed to intravenous) rehydration, should oral rehydration fail, between clinicians and caregivers. Phase 1: caregive...