introduction: based on individual independence rights, patients can refrain from being treated or can voluntarily discontinue their treatment after receiving full information. this study aimed to review the reasons of treatment refusal and the status of informed refusals for patients. methods: this was a cross-sectional descriptive study. the study population included 135 patients who refused t...

Testing is a validation activity used to check the system’s correctness with respect to the specification. In this context, test based on refusals is studied in theory and tools are effectively constructed. This paper addresses, a formal testing based on stochastic refusals graphs (SRG) in order to test stochastic system represented by maximality-based stochastic labeled transition systems (MSL...

Refusals to deal come in many different forms. Appropriate legal standards differ across these forms. A vertical refusal to deal arises when a dominant input supplier refuses to sell its input to downstream rivals. A complementary refusal to deal arises when the dominant supplier of one product sells that product to customers as part of a bundle but refuses to sell that product alone to a rival...

The focus of the paper is appropriateness pragmatic elicitation techniques for generating talk to be used in analyses and social structure. In best (i) data are generated situations which researchers can manipulate variables testing hypotheses, (ii) speakers freely spontaneously without awareness that their object study. This claim was tested an examination hypothesis more facework will occur r...

Use of a carefully designed refusal conversion protocol at first follow-up in a longitudinal study of a representative sample of over 4,000 older people was investigated. Respondents who refused initially did not differ from respondents by age or gender but were more functionally independent, citing disinterest most frequently as the reason for refusal. The protocol was successful in convincing...

Few studies have investigated the internal modification of refusals. This study investigates effect participating in a abroad programme on pragmatic development Chinese students’ employment modifiers their L2 English 20 students studying and remaining at home participated study, refusals were examined over course one academic year. Data collected three times by an 8-situation Multimedia Elicita...