Black liquor is a big energy source and a crucial component for the economy of the pulp and paper industry. Black liquor is conventionally burned in the Tomlinson recovery boiler. However, black liquor gasification combined cycle (BLGCC) has some advantages over the conventional technology, like superior energy efficiency, that makes this technology suitable to replace the traditional boiler. L...

Diesel plasmatron reformer technology can provide substantial throughputs without the need of using a catalyst The use of the special plasma facilitates robust noncatalytic conversion of diesel fuel into hydrogen rich gas with hydrogen yields that could be sufficient for NOx trap regeneration applications. Higher yields can be obtained with the use of a catalyst. Plasmatron reformers could also...

Biomass gasification is one of the alternatives to producing liquid fuels and chemicals from biomass residues. The gas produced in gasification contains CO, H2, H2O, CO2, light hydrocarbons and tars. Depending on the gasifier type, operating conditions and fuel, the light hydrocarbons can contain as much as 50 % of the total energy contents in the gas. The gas also contains catalyst poisons suc...

Hydrogen is getting increasing attention by government and industry leaders, [1], as a very environmentally attractive and clean fuel because its oxidation leads only to water formation. There is abundance of hydrogen in nature, although it is only available for exploitation in a combined state, either in water, hydrocarbons, or coal [2]. Its recovery from these natural resources requires the a...

2 ABSTRACT A model for the chemistry in a plasma fuel reformer or plasmatron has been developed. The plasma fuel reformer is set up to produce syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas mixture) from partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. The behavior of methane as fuel has been investigated to characterize and simulate the plasmatron performance. The goal of this work has been improved understanding...

In recent years, lots of research has been done on effective usage of natural gas; the first step in these processes is conversion of natural gas to Syngas. Natural gas reforming process by refomer furnace is commonly used for syngas and hydrogen production. In this paper, a windows based software, RIPI-RefSim, is introduced. By using proper heat, mass, kinetic and thermodynamic models as w...

A singularly perturbed model is proposed for a system comprised of a PEM Fuel Cell(PEM-FC) with Natural Gas Hydrogen Reformer (NG-HR). This eighteenth order system is decomposedinto slow and fast lower order subsystems using singular perturbation techniques that provides tools forseparation and order reduction. Then, three different types of controllers, namely an optimal full-order,a near-opti...

Micro reformers still face obstacles in minimizing their size, decreasing the concentration of CO, conversion efficiency and the feasibility of integrated fabrication with fuel cells. By using a micro temperature sensor fabricated on a stainless steel-based micro reformer, this work attempts to measure the inner temperature and increase the conversion efficiency. Micro temperature sensors on a ...

Plasmatron reformers are being developed at MIT and ArvinMeritor [1]. In these reformers a special low power electrical discharge is used to promote partial oxidation conversion of hydrocarbon fuels into hydrogen and CO. The partial oxidation reaction of this very fuel rich mixture is difficult to initiate. The plasmatron provides continuous enhanced volume initiation. To minimize electrode ero...

A rigorous two-dimensional model is developed for simulating the operation of a less-investigated type steam reformer having a considerably lower operating Reynolds number, higher tube diameter, and non-availability of extra steam in the feed compared with conventional steam reformers. Simulation results show that reasonable predictions can only be achieved when certain correlations for wall to...