this study investigates the relationship between extraversion/introversion personality dimension and the use of strategic competence (sc) in oral referential communication by iranian efl learners. referential communication refers to a kind of guided communication in which the referents (or topics) are given to the speakers to convey their meanings to the listeners. 50 sophomore english students...

the purpose of this study was to investigate two different techniques for testing reading comprehension questions. differences are measured by two different types of questions including inferential and referential questions. to answer the referential questions, the reader is required to move beyond the level of sentence comprehension and understand the relationship among the sentences. while, i...

Abstract According to intentionalism, the semantic reference of uses demonstratives is fixed, at least partly, by speaker’s referential intention. In this paper, I argue against possibility existence a convention sort. My argument placed in Lewisian framework signaling games and consists several steps that correspond four anti-intentionalist arguments, already present literature, have proven in...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: F12 F15 R11 R12 Keywords: Heterogeneous taste and quality Spatial selection Economic geography Agglomeration Home market effect In this paper, we develop an economic geography model in which firms sell product varieties with heterogeneous demands. We show that firms that sell products with higher demand choose to establish their plants in larger countri...

The present study sought to investigate the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, three different types of obligatory subjects in English, by adult Persian speaking L2 learners of English at different stages of L2 acquisition. A Grammaticality Judgment Test and a Translation Test were designed and developed to elicit the participants' knowledge of obligatory subjects...

This article provides a comprehensive conceptual analysis of information. It begins with folk notion that information is tripartite phenomenon: something carried by signals about for some use. suggests has three main aspects: structural, referential, and normative. I analyze the individually necessary jointly sufficient conditions defining these aspects consider formal theories relating to each...