information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. we measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

background: high prevalence and increasing rate of asthmatic patients around the word witnesses the high burden of asthma. we have limited data on asthma burden and economic costs in iran. this study aimed to find direct and indirect economic costs of asthma and their association with some background factors in one of the referral tertiary centers for adult patients with asthma. methods: we sur...

The diagnosis and treatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS) are often challenging. In the past, surgery was the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. Nowadays the endoscopic treatment of BBS is preferred over surgery because it is less invasive, repeatable and associated with lower morbidity rates. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can make the diagnosis of th...

the study was conducted to determine optimum dietary inclusion level of glyricidia leaf protein concentrate (glpc), for growing rabbits. thirty five weaned rabbits of mixed sexes were weighed and randomly allocated to five dietary treatments which contained 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% glpc for diets 1 to 5, respectively in a completely randomized design. diet 1 served as the control diet.each treatmen...

background: thymoglobuline (tg), is used for both induction and rejection therapy in kidney transplantation (tx). this study was conducted to compare between adding tg or not to the conventional drugs to evaluate the rate of rejections, infections and costs. methods: in two groups of patients, each of 45 cases group a received conventional drugs (cyclosporine, mycophenolate and prednisolone) an...

conclusions this study aims to shed light on different methods of economic evaluations in order to provoke healthcare professionals and researchers to think about different ways in which economic evaluations might be of value to their practices. results it is likely that, to date, little attention has been paid to developing a better conceptual understanding of economic evaluations in decision-...

in children. although its burden is considerably preventable by vaccine, routine vaccination against hib has not been defined in the national immunization program of iran. this study was performed to assess the cost-benefit and cost‑utility of running an hib vaccination program in iran. methods: based on a previous systematic review and meta‑analysis for vaccine efficacy, we estimated the avert...

background: multiple sclerosis is a common and chronic neurologic disorder. this disorder imposes physical, economic, and psychosocial burden on individuals, their families and society. this study aims to analyze the costs of multiple sclerosis disease based on the severity of disability. methods: we performed a cross‑sectional cost of illness study. this study was conducted in 332 patients of ...