Component importance analysis is to measure the effect on system reliability of component reliabilities, and is used to the system design from the reliability point of view. On the other hand, to guarantee high reliability of real-time computing systems, redundancy has been widely applied, which plays an important role in enhancing system reliability. One of commonly used type of redundancy is ...

The present study examined the stimulus prefix effect of immediate recall under conditions in which the prefix element was defined explicitly as being an irrelevant item that should be ignored, or, alternatively, as an item to be remembered and recalled. Memory was poorer in the latter case. Also examined were the effects of three types of redundancy relation between the prefix and target eleme...

It takes longer to detect a target if it is the initial letter of a nonredundant letter string such as BNHTW than if it is the initial letter of a redundant letter string such as BBBBB (Johnson, 1986b; Johnson & Blum, 1988). The results of the present study reveal that the redundancy effect also occurs for mixed-case letters strings (e.g., BbbBb) and digit strings (e.g., 22222). In addition, th...

in this paper, we study different methods of solving joint redundancy-availability optimization for series-parallel systems with multi-state components. we analyzed various effective factors on system availability in order to determine the optimum number and version of components in each sub-system and consider the effects of improving failure rates of each component in each sub-system and impr...

We study the effect of adding redundancy to an input stream on the losses that occur due to buffer overflow. We consider several sessions that generate traffic into a finite capacity queue. Using multi-dimensional probability generating functions, we derive analytical formulas for the loss probabilities and provide asymptotic analysis (for large n and small or large 2). Our analysis allows us t...

The number of joints and muscles in a human arm is more than what is required for reaching to a desired point in 3D space. Although previous studies have emphasized how such redundancy and the associated flexibility may play an important role in path planning, control of noise, and optimization of motion, whether and how redundancy might promote motor learning has not been investigated. In this...