Chlorophyll is a key indicator of the physiological status of a forest canopy. However, its distribution may vary greatly in time and space, so that the estimation of chlorophyll content of canopies or branches by extrapolation from leaf values obtained by destructive sampling is labor intensive and potentially inaccurate. Chlorophyll content is related positively to the point of maximum slope ...

Biomass is a key biophysical parameter for precision agriculture and plant breeding. Fast, accurate non-destructive monitoring of biomass enables various applications related to crop growth. In this paper, strawberry dry weight was modeled using 4 canopy geometric parameters (area, average height, volume, standard deviation height) 25 spectral variables (5 band original reflectance values 20 ve...

We report on a study of the surface density of Extremely Red Objects (EROs) in the fields of 13 radio-loud quasars at 1.8 < z < 3.0 covering a total area of 61.7 arcmin. There is a large variation in the ERO surface density from field to field, and as many as 30–40 % of the fields have roughly 4–5 times more EROs than what is expected from a random distribution. The average surface density exce...

Active-optical sensor readings from an N non-limiting area standard established within a farm field are used to predict yield in the standard. Lower yield predictions from sensor readings obtained from other parts of the field outside of the N non-limiting standard area indicate a need for supplemental N. Active-optical sensor algorithms for predicting corn (Zea mays, L.) yield to direct in-sea...

In this paper we study the model risk of Expected Shortfall (ES), extending the results of Boucher et al. (2014) on model risk of Value-at-Risk (VaR). We propose a correction formula for ES based on passing three backtests. Our results show that for the DJIA index, the smallest corrections are required for the ES estimates built using GARCH models. Furthermore, the 2.5% ES requires smaller corr...

Humans are responsible for massive changes to primate habitats, and one unanticipated consequence of these alterations may be changes in host-parasite interactions. Edges are a ubiquitous aspect of human disturbance to forest landscapes. Here we examine how changes associated with the creation of edges in Kibale National Park, Uganda, alter the parasite community that is supported by two specie...

Let F, G and H be non-empty graphs. The notation F → (G,H) means that if any edge of F is colored by red or blue, then either the red subgraph of F con- tains a graph G or the blue subgraph of F contains a graph H. A graph F (without isolated vertices) is called a Ramsey (G,H)−minimal if F → (G,H) and for every e ∈ E(F), (F − e) 9 (G,H). The set of all Ramsey (G,H)−minimal graphs is denoted by ...

Claus Buschmann* and Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler Botanisches Institut II, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Fax: +49 721 608 4874. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 54c, 849-855 (1999), received May 20, 1999 Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Red Edge of Reflectance, Remote Sensing, Spectroscopic Techniques, St...