Background: Application of membrane technology to wastewater treatment has expanded over the last decades due to increasingly stringent legislation, greater opportunities for water reuse/recycling processes and continuing advancement in membrane technology. Objectives: In the present study, a bench-scale submerged microfiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to assess the treatment of tex...

For decades, the city of Windhoek in Namibia succeeded in stretching their limited potable water resources through strict water management, latterly including wastewater reclamation and direct potable reuse. An integrated approach was followed and proper policies were put in place. This was followed up with appropriate legislation, education, policing and technical and financial measures with t...

One of the major problems in the production of diagnostic antisera for the specific Griffith types of Lancefield Group A hemolytic streptococci is the accumulation of sufficient volumes of cells for adsorption processes. To minimize this problem a procedure was developed for the reclamation and reuse of the adsorption cells. The technique is as follows: Packed cells, after use for adsorption, a...

Water scarcity is one of the main concerns of several countries around the world. In this context, several approaches have been proposed for resource conservation and available water augmentation through specific actions such as process intensification and the use, reclamation, reuse, and recycle of alternative water sources. Nonetheless, there are no reported methodologies optimizing the multi...

The Development Plan of Taranto port (S. Italy) predicts the dredging of approx.20 Mt sediments, ≥10% of which are polluted. By appointment of Italian Environment Ministry, a detailed experimental investigation was carried out at laboratory and pilot-scale levels on the best available techniques to reclaim the polluted sediment so to reuse it in a technic and cost effective manner. A short pre-...

Reclamation suitability evaluation is the basis for determining reuse direction of damaged land. Limit condition method most widely used in land reclamation at present. In this paper, limit to evaluate Pingdingshan Tianan ten coal mine. The index area determined as six main factors: field slope/land flatness, ponding, depth collapse, soil texture, thickness layer, irrigation and drainage condit...

Wastewater reuse has become an important part of the urban water supply portfolio in water stressed regions. Effective wastewater treatment processes are critical to protect public health during water reuse practices. However, the microbial removal efficiencies in wastewater reclamation plants are not routinely monitored due to the lack of a simple quantification method. This study applied a ne...

Potable reuse is one of the alternatives to approach water sustainability and it is gaining widespread acceptance all over the world due to increasing stress on water resources (Rodriguez et al. 2009). As water reclamation and potable reuse is a viable option, constituents that might threaten human health must be considered seriously. Endotoxins, interchangeably named Lipo-polisccharide (LPS), ...