Retrieval tasks provide learners with an opportunity to focus both on meaning and on form. There are four different retrieval directions. The present study aimed to identify the optimal direction of recall type retrievals during reading and to investigate the outcomes of each one. Forty-eight intermediate EFL learners took part in the study. One of the experimental groups was provided with the ...

PURPOSE In this study, the authors examined the magnitude of the discrepancy between standardized measures of receptive and expressive semantic knowledge, known as a receptive-expressive gap, for bilingual children with and without primary language impairment (PLI). METHOD Spanish and English measures of semantic knowledge were administered to 37 Spanish-English bilingual 7- to 10-year old ch...

We investigated the receptive language of adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (n = 25) or fragile X syndrome (n = 19). We were interested in syndrome differences and gender differences within fragile X. Comparison of the syndromes and MA-matched typically developing children (n = 24) revealed that individuals with the syndromes differed in relative achievements across the domains of...

This study examines vocabulary growth in two dimensions, receptive and controlled productive, and the interrelationship between these dimensions. The study focuses on the 2000, 3000, 5000 and academic word list levels. Data were collected from 41 high school students in China. The participants completed a pre-test in the third week of the first semester, and a post-test ten weeks later. The fin...

Users of the test need to be clear what the test is measuring and not measuring. It is measuring written receptive vocabulary knowledge, that is the vocabulary knowledge required for reading. It is not measuring listening vocabulary size, or the vocabulary knowledge needed for speaking and writing. It is also not a measure of reading skill, because although vocabulary size is a critical factor ...

L2 lexical knowledge has been an issue that attracted much attention among SLA scholars, with studies examining the impact of different language teaching approaches on vocabulary knowledge. However, little research conducted to determine amount exposure needed for significant improvement. This paper explores varying instructed 112 CLIL primary-school learners’ receptive high-frequency vocabular...

The study investigated how well Swedish adolescents recognize the meaning of derived words in English and whether this knowledge is determined by learner proficiency, word frequency, or affix type. Participants were 88 school students two proficiency groups: 39 advanced 12th graders 49 intermediate 9th graders. Two tests receptive vocabulary administered. first test had 80 basewords (e.g., main...