By preparative methods developed by Chakravorty and Wallis (1) and improved by Hicks, Berg, and Wallis (2) and by Alther and Reichstein (3) the 3(a)-hydroxycholenic acids containing double bonds at the C&& and the C1l-Clz positions respectively are readily available. An attractive method, therefore, for introducing oxygen either as a ketone or as a secondary hydroxyl at the Cn position lies in ...

A well-known organic host compound undergoes single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transitions upon guest uptake and release. Despite a lack of porosity of the material, guest transport through the solid occurs readily until a thermodynamically stable structure is achieved. In order to actively facilitate this dynamic process, the host molecules undergo significant positional and/or orientatio...

antranilic acid is an intermediate material which we can produce by hofmann's rearrangement reaction. in this process phithalimide is a main reactant. one procedure for produceing phthalimide is the reaction of phithalic anhydride with urea in the presence of acetic acid. in this research, the kinetics of this reaction was studied at 115 c. we found that the reaction of phthalic anhydride ...

We report on a male patient and members of his family with additional material in chromosome 3. This derivative chromosome 3 was transmitted from his mother who had a complex rearrangement between chromosomes 2, 3, and 7. It was possible to delineate her chromosomal rearrangement by microdissection and reverse painting and to exclude these aberrations from being responsible for neonatal deaths ...

The total synthesis of CBD-C4 (cannabidibutol) is reported. enantioselective based on a) the use 3,5-dimetoxybenzaldehyde as starting material, b) Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction, c) Claisen-Ireland rearrangement, d) ring-closing metathesis, and e) not-trivial demethylation induced by sodium ethanethiolate.

Flow chemistry was initially used for speed to early phase material delivery in the development laboratories, scaling up chemical transformations that we would not or could scale batch safety reasons. Some examples included a Newman Kwart Rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, hydroformylation, and thermal imidazole cyclization. Next, flow enable safe of hazardous chemistries manufacturing plant...

Genomic rearrangements are increasingly recognized as important contributors to human disease. Here we report on an 11½-year-old child with myopia, Duane retraction syndrome, bilateral mixed hearing loss, skeletal anomalies including multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and global developmental delay, and a complex 6p25 genomic rearrangement. We have employed oligonucleotide-based comparative genomic...

Approximately 50 different chromosomal translocations of the human MLL gene are currently known and associated with high-risk acute leukemia. The large number of different MLL translocation partner genes makes a precise diagnosis a demanding task. After their cytogenetic identification, only the most common MLL translocations are investigated by RT-PCR analyses, whereas infrequent or unknown ML...

Background & Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) constitute an uncommon and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin and various cytogenetic abnormalities ranging from distinct genomic rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocations and amplifications, to more intricate rearrangements involving multiple chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ...

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer leading to cancer-related death in children. Most infants with ALL harbor recurring structural chromosomal rearrangements that are important initiating events in leukemogenesis but are insufficient to explain the biology and heterogeneity of the disease. Mixed-lineage leukemia-rearrangement (MLL-rearrange...