BACKGROUND & AIMS In most cases celiac disease (CD) is successfully treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, some patients become refractory to the GFD. Refractory CD (RCD) patients have an increased risk for developing enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma and early diagnosis is therefore of importance. Currently, RCD diagnosis relies on endoscopy and adequate serological markers are l...

INTRODUCTION Refractory coeliac disease (RCD) is a rare and severe malabsorptive disease. The condition has two subtypes: RCDI and RCDII. Different treatments have been tested: and because RCD has a poor prognosis due to progress to enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, the aim was to review the epidemiologic aspects and the therapeutic options for RCD. METHODS A systematic literature searc...

PURPOSE The goals of this study were to identify whether conservative treatment with antibiotics in right colonic diverticulitis (RCD) patients, our empirical method used until now, is adequate and to determine how the natural history of RCD is affected by conservative treatment. METHODS This study was designed as a case-control study. Group I was comprised of 12 patients who were managed con...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine if side of cerebral hemisphere lesion affects the prevalence and time course of pushing behavior (PB) after stroke. METHODS A total of 1660 patients with acute stroke were investigated. PB was assessed using the standardized Scale for Contraversive Pushing. Risk ratios were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence of PB b...

Background and Purpose—The aim of this study was to determine if side of cerebral hemisphere lesion affects the prevalence and time course of pushing behavior (PB) after stroke. Methods—A total of 1660 patients with acute stroke were investigated. PB was assessed using the standardized Scale for Contraversive Pushing. Risk ratios were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence of PB bet...

The reproductive signals of two or more taxa may diverge in areas of sympatry, due to selection against costly reproductive interference. This divergence, termed reproductive character displacement (RCD), is expected in species-rich assemblages, where interspecific signal partitioning among closely related species is common. However, RCD is usually documented from simple two-taxon cases, via ge...

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is when malabsorption symptoms and villous atrophy persist despite strict adherence to a gluten free diet (GFD) for more than 12 months and other causes of villous atrophy have been ruled out.  RCD is considered a rare disease and almost exclusively occurs in adults. Persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss are the most common symptoms in RCD. Also, anemi...

Routinely-collected health data (RCD) are now used for a wide range of studies, including observational studies, comparative effectiveness research, diagnostics, studies of adverse effects, and predictive analytics. At the same time, limitations inherent in using data collected without specific a priori research questions are increasingly recognized. There is also a growing awareness of the sub...

Background and Purpose—The aim of this study was to determine if side of cerebral hemisphere lesion affects the prevalence and time course of pushing behavior (PB) after stroke. Methods—A total of 1660 patients with acute stroke were investigated. PB was assessed using the standardized Scale for Contraversive Pushing. Risk ratios were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence of PB bet...

True Refractory Coeliac Disease (RCD) is being currently defined as persisting or recurring villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes in spite of a strict gluten free diet for more than 12 months or when severe persisting symptoms necessitate intervention independent of the duration of the dietary therapy. Currently two categories of RCD are being recogniz...