Salinity gradient energy (SGE) refers to the energy created from the difference in salt concentration between two streams. There are three types of SGE namely, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CapMix). All these technologies require membrane for the system to be operational. In this short review, the membranes modifications for each principl...

Central MessageRobotic aortic valve replacement (rAVR) through the lateral approach is a promising new minimally invasive technique in our surgical armamentarium for replacement.See Article page 1753. Robotic replacement. See This report by Badhwar and colleagues1Badhwar V. Wei L. Cook C.C. Hayanga J.A. Daggubati R. Sengupta P.P. et al.Robotic replacement.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021; 161: 17...