In the Arabian Sea, southeast of peninsula, an oceanic dipole, named Ras Al Hadd (RAH) is formed each year, lying near cape. The RAH dipole association a cyclonic eddy (CE) to northeast, with anticyclonic (AE) southwest. This intensifies in summer monsoon and disappears during winter monsoon. has been described previously, but mostly for its surface expression, short time intervals. Here, we de...

We have used the MMTV-myc and MMTV-ras transgenic mouse mammary tumor models (T. A. Stewart et al., Cell, 38: 627-637, 1984, and E. Sinn et al., Cell, 49: 465-475, 1987) to evaluate how the c-myc and v-Ha-ras oncogenes influence tumor growth characteristics in vivo. MMTV-myc tumors had much higher levels of spontaneous apoptosis than MMTV-ras tumors, whereas intermediate levels were observed in...

Ras expression has been suggested as a marker for tumor aggressiveness of breast cancer,including the degrees of invasion and tumor recurrence.We showed previously that H-ras, but not N-ras, up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and induces invasive phenotype in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells (A. Moon, et al. Int. J. Cancer, 85: 176-181, 2000). In this study, we show that H-r...

The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) also has an important role in hypertension: it maintains the constancy of Blood Pressure (BP) during pregnancy, which increases the cardiac output and circulating plasma volume [2]. Patients with PIH are sensitive to the pressor effects of Angiotensin 2 (AT2) compared to normotensive pregnant women [3,4], and Gant et al. reported that an AT2 infusion test may ...

A large superfamily (> 50 members) of monomeric GTPbinding proteins structurally related to the ras oncogene proteins has been described in the past few years (Bourne et al., 1991; Grand and Owen, 1991; Hall, 1990; Valencia et al., 1991). These proteins have been implicated in the regulation of a diverse array of cellular processes, utilizing their ability to bind and hydrolyse GTP as a means t...

The rho proteins, p21 ~ , are ubiquitously expressed guanine nucleotide binding proteins with ,'o30% amino acid homology to p21'% but their biochemical function is unknown. We show here that microinjection of constitutively activated recombinant rho protein (Vall4rho) into subconfluent cells induces dramatic changes in cell morphology: 15-30 min after injection cells adopt a distinct and novel ...

Background/State of the art. The oncogenic K-Ras mutation represents one of the decisive driver mutations in human pancreatic cancer. Mouse models based on the expression of oncogenic K-Ras recapitulate major features of human pancreatic cancer such as progressive PanIN lesions and expansion of a stromal niche. However, lessons learned from both p48-PTF1a and PDX1 constitutive und inducible dri...

Activation of oncogenic proteins is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. The BRAF gene, located on chromosome 7q34, encodes a serine-threonine kinase that acts downstream of RAS in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway involved in regulating cell proliferation and survival. On activation of RAS, the BRAF kinase is activated and sequentially phosphorylates and activates MEK and ERK. A mutat...

Sohet et al. demonstrate that the tricellular tight junction protein LSR helps form the blood–brain barrier during embryogenesis. The blood–brain barrier protects neurons from the contents of the circulatory system and relies, in part, on the formation of tight junctions between the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels of the central nervous system. Mice lacking the tight junction protein...

For more than 25 years, the Ras proteins have been widely accepted as central players in the malignant transformation of a variety of different tumor types. The ability of mutationally activated Ras to provide a powerful oncogenic stimulus lies in its capacity to signal through a multitude of downstream effector pathways that regulate a diverse set of cellular processes (for a recent review, se...