Once a product for an ORD is approved; conditional or non conditional, there are still unanswered questions on long-term safety and effectiveness. And there is often limited knowledge on natural progression of the disease and optimal disease management. These questions could be answered by prospectively collecting real world data into patient registries. The scope of the registry should be in l...

Sea turtle interactions with the longline fishery in Hawaii have become a serious concern in recent years. Various measures, including a swordfish harvest ban, have been adopted to protect sea turtles. This study explores the factors and degree of sea turtle interactions with Hawaii’s pelagic longline fishery, i.e. the production of undesirable outputs in the pursuit of an economic activity, in...

It has been known for a long time that patients suffering from rare diseases following a recessive mode of inheritance are, in a high proportion of cases, offspring of marriages between related partners who themselves are healthy. In such cases varying percentages of 'consanguineous marriages' have been reported. Such figures are useful as a general orientation. The great differences found betw...

To capture the dependences of a disease on several risk factors, a challenge is to combine model-based estimation with evidence-based arguments. Standard case-control methods allow estimation of the dependences of a rare disease on several regressors via logistic regressions. For case-control studies, the sampling design leads to samples from two different populations and for the set of regress...

Disaster risk is most detailed at a micro-social or territorial scale. As we aggregate and work at more macro scales, details are lost. However, decision-making and information needs at each level are quite different, as are the social actors and stakeholders. This means that appropriate evaluation tools are necessary to make it easy to understand the problem and guide the decision-making proce...

In this article we extend the literature on climate change and economic growth in two ways. Firstly, we allow for endogenous extreme events both in strength and frequency. Secondly, we introduce insurance in this framework. We build a theoretical growth model and discuss the role of precautionary decisions, which we find to have ambiguous effects on consumption and abatement growth. We observe ...

Genetic linkage studies based on pedigree data have limited resolution, because of the relatively small number of segregations. Disequilibrium mapping, which uses population associations to infer the location of a disease mutation, provides one possible strategy for narrowing the candidate region. The coalescent process provides a model for the ancestry of a sample of disease alleles, and recom...

The impact of extreme events is in reality the interaction among three systems; the natural environment, the human community, and the built environment the infrastructure that supports human activities. The sustainability of our infrastructure depends upon knowledge of the natural environment – for example, the research on global warming and its impact on meteorological events such as storms, d...

Comprehensive and systematic solving of the problems which are associated with rare diseases is one of the elements of the prevention of social exclusion of patients and their families. Rare diseases are a particular group of diseases distinguished, not because of the clinical symptoms, but because of the low frequency of occurrence of different disorders in populations, which leads to the comm...

AIMS The study of rare variants, which can potentially explain a great proportion of heritability, has emerged as an important topic in human gene mapping of complex diseases. Although several statistical methods have been developed to increase the power to detect disease-related rare variants, none of these methods address an important issue that often arises in genetic studies: false positive...