Black farmers in America have had a long and arduous struggle to own land and to operate independently. For more than a century after the Civil War, deficient civil rights and various economic and social barriers were applied to maintaining a system where many blacks worked as farm operators with a limited and often total lack of opportunity to achieve ownership and operating independence. Dimi...

The future of energy generation is expected to become increasingly decentralized. Today, many customers are already more than demand units, they also act as energy producers (prosumers) and thus active participants in the energy market. The development of energy cooperatives in recent years undermines this observation. Information and communication technologies (ICT) enable management of energy...

Given the role that knowledge management can play consistently on the changes and the need to develop human resources in the implementation of knowledge management on the one hand and important position of cooperative sector In country economics, on the other hand, led to that the researchers study the relationship between knowledge management and human resource performance of the agricultural ...

Given the role that knowledge management can play consistently on the changes and the need to develop human resources in the implementation of knowledge management on the one hand and important position of cooperative sector In country economics, on the other hand, led to that the researchers study the relationship between knowledge management and human resource performance of the agricultural ...

in discussion relating to management, motivational factors are one of the major indicators and effective variables in organizational strategy and achieving job success. this study with the aim of cognition of the relation of some studied variables and the motive of achievement and success in cooperatives managers and determining the contribution of each factor by use of correlation and expost f...

The study assessed beneficiaries’ satisfaction in the management of loag-contract components by cooperatives involved in the farm credit delivery in Edo State. The objective was to identify the components of the farm loan contract, examine the management strategies and rate the beneficiaries’ satisfaction of such management strategies. This was done by purposively selecting 40 cooperatives invo...

Excessive leverage is one of the most important problems facing Italian agricultural cooperatives as the competition in the EU intensifies. An empirical study of 500 agricultural cooperatives supports the hypothesis that cooperatives characterized as having “powerful managers” have a capital structure that is significantly different from the “nonpowerful manager” cooperatives. Powerful manager ...

Adaptive management is a form of structured decision making designed to guide management of natural resource systems when their behaviors are uncertain. Where decision making can be replicated across units of a landscape, learning can be accelerated, and biological processes can be understood in a larger spatial context. Broad-based partnerships among land management agencies, exemplified by La...

Cooperative fishery management assigns management rights, formally or informally, to a group of users. Assigning rights to groups rather than individuals can be advantageous, given the shared, common-pool nature of fish stocks. Efficiency can potentially be improved by coordinating harvests over space and time, providing public good inputs, sharing information and setting quality standards. Man...

Abstract We analyze stakeholder management (STM) relative to cooperation and individualism within the fourth industrial revolution (FIR). STM is a recent corporate governance tool boosting allowing representativeness of individualistic behaviors even in dialectical environments. Though forerunning it, cooperatives massively use now, while FIR demands also at non-cooperative enterprises. reach t...