This paper investigates the relationship between railroad bond defaults and nancial outcomes in the National Banking System during the Panic of 1873. Contemporary accounts and anecdotal evidence indicate the importance of a boom and bust in the railroad industry to the onset of the panic. I use comprehensive balance sheet data for national banks before and after the panic, along with detailed G...

The seismic failure behavior of railroad ballasts in response to earthquakes was analyzed using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis.Several sinusoidal waves with different frequencies and accelerations were inputted into the discontinuous numerical model of a railroad ballast ,which consists of an assemblage of polygonal crushed stones,rails,sleepers and a roadbed .The dependencies of railroad f...

Railroad and subway drivers can experience psychological trauma when trains strike or nearly miss other trains, motor vehicles, or persons or become instruments of death. Derailments, collisions, and suicides on the tracks can induce feelings of helplessness, horror, guilt, and anxiety in the drivers. Although some drivers experience acute stress disorder (ASD) or post-traumatic stress disorder...

Indian railway is one of the largest networks in country. Its motto “the life line country”, and main transport completed by railways Railroad cheapest safest means transport, but there are also certain accidents on railroad. 60% caused road failures or formation cracks road. Today’s rail systems involve manual track inspection, which cumbersome not entirely effective. However, detection correc...

In recent years, remote non-contact NDE techniques have been sought in an effort to improve railroad related inspection operations. More specifically, efforts have been aimed at increasing the inspection coverage and performing dynamic inspections for railroad tracks and wheels. Throughout most of the 20th century, dynamic inspections of railroad tracks have been developed and performed, howeve...

This article discusses the design and implementation of laboratory equipment suitable for teaching and research in the area of embedded and real-time systems, and examines some possible studies and avenues concerning this subject matter. The laboratory is designed and assembled around several commercially available components. Its main software components are the integrated software development...

Based on cellular automaton and multi-agent model, we propose a novel hybrid model for distributed simulation of train-group in the railway traffic. An improved cellular automaton model is designed for simulating the underlying structure of the railroad and a multi-agent model is used for dynamic scheduling of the train-group. The combination of both models answers for the distributed simulatio...

Railroad transportation of hazardous materials did not receive as much attention as highway transportation in the academic literature, although comparable volumes are shipped via these two transport modes in North America and Europe. In this paper we present an optimization methodology for the railroad tactical planning problem with risk and cost objectives. We determine the routes to be utiliz...

The Brazilian freights railroad transportation, in the last five years, is achieving a significant growth. Currently, the railroad transport operators use performance evaluation measures, related to financial and operational aspects, being that in some cases, there isn’t a relation of cause and effect between them. According to the Brazilian research, 85% of the railroad transport companies use...