The study of the reaction of the hydrated electron with adenosine by optical and dc-conductivity pulse radiolysis on nano- and microsecond timescales has been carried out in an attempt to answer the question whether the electron adduct radical becomes protonated or not. The following conclusions have been reached: (1) the reaction of the hydrated electron with adenosine is followed by a water-m...

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of NADH with thiyl free radicals derived from various sulphur-containing compounds of biological significance were measured by using the technique of pulse radiolysis. These and related reactions with phenoxyl free radicals are believed to occur through one-electron-transfer processes. Further evidence comes from studies with deuterated NADH. The results...

Ionization damage (radiolysis) and knock-on displacement are compared in terms of scattering cross section and stopping power, for thin organic specimens exposed to the electrons in a TEM. Based on stopping power, which includes secondary processes, radiolysis is found to be predominant for all incident energies (10-300 keV), even in materials containing hydrogen. For conducting inorganic speci...

Routing neptunium to a single product in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing is a significant challenge. In this work, we have further improved the simulation of neptunium extraction in an advanced PUREX flowsheet by applying a revised model of the Np(V)-Np(VI) redox reaction kinetics, a new nitric acid radiolysis model and by evaluating various models for the nitrous acid distribution coefficient....

Radiolysis products resulting from the deamination pathway were isolated and identified after irradiation of cytosine by gamma rays in neutral aqueous solutions. They were identical to those identified in uracil radiolysis i. e. 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-uracil (cis and trans forms), iso-dialuric acid, alloxan, 5-hydroxy-hydantoin, parabanic acid and oxaluric acid. The absence of 4,4'-di-iso-ba...

Gamma-radiolysis of 0.05 M neutral proline solution was investigated. As the main reaction of proline radiolysis in oxygenated solutions, the hydroxylation reactions leading to hydroxyproline formation and the reactions leading to the total destruction of the pyrrolidine ring were shown. In oxygen-free solutions the yield of these reactions decreased; in this medium combination reactions giving...

The gas phase and aqueous thermochemistry and reactivity of nitroxyl (nitrosyl hydride, HNO) were elucidated with multiconfigurational self-consistent field and hybrid density functional theory calculations and continuum solvation methods. The pK(a) of HNO is predicted to be 7.2 +/- 1.0, considerably different from the value of 4.7 reported from pulse radiolysis experiments. The ground-state tr...

The highest time resolution of the pulse radiolysis had remained about 30 ps since the late 1960’s. To make clear the primary processes in the radiation chemistry and physics within 30 ps, we developed a stroboscopic pulse radiolysis system for the absorption spectroscopy with the time resolution of 2.0 ps (10-90% rise time). The time resolution of 2.0 ps was estimated from the time-dependent b...

Airborne molecular contaminants (AMCs) in cleanrooms should be monitored and controlled tightly to reduce yield loss since they can converted into nanoparticles or surface haze contamination on semiconductor chips masks. Soft X-ray radiolysis was developed detect AMCs as low the ppt-level by forming secondary aerosols from under soft irradiation. However, new particle formation (NPF) using has ...