the akhal-teke is an ancient horse originat-ing from asia where it was used by nomadic tribes and used as a warhorse. lameness examinations require proper interpretation of clinical and radiographic findings. therefore, understanding of normal radiographic findings of the foot is necessary. although the radiographic appearance of the normal foot must be understood to recognize abnormalities ,th...

The magnification of the radiographic image, though often of little consequence in nailing the fractured femoral neck, may lead to important errors in nailing the hip to promote arthrodesis. The use of a graduated measure that can be calibrated to the correct scale relieves the surgeon of mental arithmetic. Such a device is shown in Figure 1.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precision of dimensional measurements of the mandible on orthopantomographic images and thus to evaluate their dimensional reliability. Different distances denoted by metal markers were measured on 25 dry mandibles. The same mandibles were then positioned in an orthopantomographic machine, and radiographic images of them were made. Measurements of t...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of three conditions of image interpretation for radiographic root measurements and calculating the intra-observer reproducibility of the measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty intra-operative periapical radiographs of maxillary central and lateral incisors were measured, in mm, from the tip of the file to the radiographic apex, using a caliper. Three separ...

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare visual clinical and radiographic examinations to the histological analysis for proximal caries diagnosis in extracted permanent molars and premolars. The relationship between clinical aspects and carious lesions was also evaluated. Eighty-eight proximal surfaces (44 freshly extracted teeth) were longitudinally sectioned with a 370-microm diamond disk...

A prospective in vivo investigation was conducted to determine radiographic and clinical factors associated with contemporary nonsurgical endodontic retreatments. Approximately 1,100 failing endodontically treated teeth were screened to determine an appropriate treatment plan. Using magnification, 337 consecutive retreatment cases were evaluated and treated. The vast majority of the retreated c...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the accuracy of 2 third-generation electronic apex locators (EALs), Propex II (Dentsply Maillefer) and Root ZX II (J. Morita), and radiographic technique for locating the major foramen (MF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two premolars with single canals that required extraction were included. Following anesthesia, access, and initial canal...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of procollagen type II carboxy-terminal propeptide (PIICP) level in synovial fluid in relation to early tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Data were collected on 172 women (age 40 to 59 years) who had knee pain and tibiofemoral joint OA in the early stage. Standing semiflexed knee radiographs were obtained by fluoroscopy at baseline a...