We examine the mechanism for generating a mass for a U(1) vector field introduced by Stueckelberg. First, it is shown that renormalization of the vector mass is identical to the renormalization of the vector field on account of gauge invariance. We then consider how the vector mass affects the effective potential in scalar quantum electrodynamics at one-loop order. The possibility of extending ...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Su...

We examine the mechanism for generating a mass for a U(1) vector field introduced by Stueckelberg. First, it is shown that renormalization of the vector mass is identical to the renormalization of the vector field on account of gauge invariance. We then consider how the vector mass affects the effective potential in scalar quantum electrodynamics at one-loop order. The possibility of extending ...

We attempt to get a physical insight into grain alignment processes by studying basic properties of radiative torques (RATs). For this purpose we consider a simple toy model of a helical grain that reproduces well the basic features of RATs. The model grain consists of a spheroidal body with a mirror attached at an angle to it. Being very simple, the model allows analytical description of RATs ...

This paper presents an overview of our current understanding of the radiative properties of clouds, placing particular emphasis on recent results and unanswered problems arising from the marine stratocumulus and cirrus cloud components of the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE), conducted in the United States during 1986 and 1987. For marin...

Impact of H2SO4/H2O coating and ice crystal size on radiative properties of sub-visible cirrus P. Räisänen, A. Bogdan, K. Sassen, M. Kulmala, and M. J. Molina Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki, Finland Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, P.O. Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, ...

In the treatment of ice cloud radiative properties, two approaches have been taken: 1) parameterization of exact results from electro-dynamic scattering theory in terms of bulk microphysical properties (e.g., ice water content and effective size), and 2) parameterization of electrodynamic scattering theory itself in terms of explicit microphysical properties (e.g., size distribution parameters,...

This paper is focused on the application of hybrid Single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann and finite volume methods in conjunction with discrete ordinates method to simulate coupled natural convection and volumetric radiation in differentially heated enclosure, filled with an absorbing, emitting and non-scattering gray medium. In this work, the velocity and temperature fields are calculated u...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Aerosol Radiative Effects Southeast Asia MODIS CERES Radiative transfer model Using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument, and a radiative transfer model (RTM), we provide a quantitative assessment of regional cloud-free diurnally averaged shortwave Aerosol Radiative Effects (ARE...