Aims. The role of carbon monoxide as a cooling agent for the thermal structure of the mid-photospheric to low-chromospheric layers of the solar atmosphere in internetwork regions is investigated. Methods. The treatment of radiative cooling via spectral lines of carbon monoxide (CO) has been added to the radiation chemo-hydrodynamics code CO5BOLD. The radiation transport is now solved in a conti...

Standard solar cells heat up under sunlight. The resulting increased temperature of the solar cell has adverse consequences on both its efficiency and its reliability. We introduce a general approach to radiatively lower the operating temperature of a solar cell through sky access, while maintaining its solar absorption. We first present an ideal scheme for the radiative cooling of solar cells....

Based on coupled modelling evidence we argue that topographically-induced modifications of the largescale atmospheric circulation during the last glacial maximum may have led to a reduction of the westerlies, and a slowdown of the Pacific subtropical gyre as well as to an intensification of the Pacific subtropical cell. These oceanic circulation changes generate an eastern North Pacific warming...

In this paper we use state-of-the-art N-body hydrodynamic simulations of a cosmological volume of side 100Mpc to produce many large clusters simultaneously in both the standard cold dark matter (SCDM) cosmology and a cosmology with a positive cosmological constant (ΛCDM). We have performed simulations of the same volume both with and without the effects of radiative cooling, but in all cases ne...

This paper discusses the feasibility of cooling using radiation under Hong Kong’s hot and humid climate. Three different designs of a passive radiative cooler were studied in this work. The three designs include non-vacuum, and vacuum with seven potassium chloride (KCl) IR-Pass windows as well as one system with a single KCl IR-Pass window. The coolers were examined during daytime and night tim...

The radiative cooling of a shock wake under typical conditions of stellar atmospheres is considered. A simplified model of the radiative relaxation zone is used, and the transfer equation is solved for the line radiation across the shock. Using this solution, the contribution of spectral lines to the radiative cooling is studied, including the elements H, He, C, N, O, Na, Mg, Si, S, Ca and Fe. ...

If tropical tropopause cirrus lie above convective anvils with tops above about 13km, then net radiative cooling from the cirrus can be produced that is large enough to offset significant subsidence heating, even at the lowest temperatures observed in the tropics. Cirrus clouds near the tropopause are strongly heated by radiation unless they lie above convective anvil clouds. Radiative relaxati...

In this paper, we investigate the effect of cooling on the X-ray properties of galaxy clusters. We have performed N-body, hydrodynamical simulations both with and without the effects of radiative cooling, but neglecting the effects of star formation and feedback. We show that radiative cooling produces an inflow of high-entropy gas from the outer parts of the cluster, thus raising the cluster t...

We investigate the effect of dust on the scaling properties of galaxy clusters based on hydrodynamic N -body simulations of structure formation. We have simulated five dust models plus a radiative cooling and adiabatic models using the same initial conditions for all runs. The numerical implementation of dust was based on the analytical computations of Montier & Giard (2004). We set up dust sim...