The paper examines welfare improving and revenue neutral directions marginal policy reforms for an economy with nonidentical individuals and an externality that has a feedback effect on the consumption of taxed goods. It considers three types of policy instruments: the indirect taxes, the uniform poll transfer and public abatement. This extends the framework set up by Ahmad and Stern (1984), Bo...

The theoretical framework of urban and regional economics is built on transportation costs for manufactured goods. But over the twentieth century, the costs of moving these goods have declined by over 90% in real terms, and there is little reason to doubt that this decline will continue. Moreover, technological change has eliminated the importance of fixed infrastructure transport (rail and wat...

We investigate the effect of teenage driving on mortality and risky behaviors in United States using a regression discontinuity design. estimate that total rises by 5.84 deaths per 100,000 (15 percent) at minimum legal age cutoff, driven an increase motor vehicle fatalities 4.92 (44 percent). also find poisoning deaths, which are caused primarily drug overdoses, rise 0.31 (29 cutoff this is con...

In order to improve the application possibility of CO 2 /R41 azeotropy mixture in refrigeration industry, optimum mass ratio composition is defined and determined according thermodynamic properties safety. On basis first second laws thermodynamics, a model proposed evaluate performance single-stage transcritical cycle (CO cycle) which throttling valve integrated refrigerant adopted. The at then...

A 3-D flow and heat transfer theoretical model was established for a 5 mm micro-fin tube to explore the characteristics of supercritical CO2/R41 therein under different pressures, mass fluxes, components. The research attempts provide reference selecting components working media setting pressure flux in application scenarios. Results show that closer temperature medium critical temperature, lar...

We study optimal dynamic lockdowns against COVID-19 within a commuting network. Our framework integrates canonical spatial epidemiology and trade models is applied to cities with varying initial viral spread: Seoul, Daegu, the New York City metropolitan area (NYM). Spatial achieve substantially smaller income losses than uniform lockdowns. In NYM Daegu—with large shocks—the lockdown restricts i...

There is a need to improve conventional polyolester lubricants that are currently being evaluated as the optimal refrigeration base oil for the alternative refrigerants R41 OA and R407C, which are expected to be designated as the replacement ofHCFC 22. Prior studies show that the conventional polyolesters and other lubricants have poor hydrolysis and solubility. This paper is an introduction to...

In chemical engineering, surrogate functions are commonly used in modeling thermodynamic properties of pure compounds because they often more accurate than equations state. 2020, we presented a semi-empirical model describing the vapor density from reduced triple point temperature to about 0.97 with only one temperature-dependent term. However, many cases range up critical is necessary. Therefo...