SETTING Randomised Phase IIB clinical trial. OBJECTIVES To assess whether increasing the dose of rifampicin (RMP) from 10 mg/kg to 15 or 20 mg/kg results in an increase in grade 3 or 4 hepatic adverse events and/or serious adverse events (SAE). METHODS Three hundred human immunodeficiency virus negative patients with newly diagnosed microscopy-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were rando...

Climate science has confirmed the alteration of hydrological cycle attributed to global warming. This warming tendency affects monsoon precipitation in Pakistan with an unprecedented intensity, causing severe flooding. Therefore, it is inevitable observe recent spring and summer changes extreme throughout Pakistan. The present study examined 8 indices past 50-year period (1971–2020) (stretched ...

BACKGROUND Severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based either on symptoms/disability or lung function, which have no discernible correlation. We hypothesised that impulse oscillometry (IOS), a non-effort-dependent measure of central and peripheral airway mechanics, could correlate to dyspnoea in COPD. METHODS We analysed screening data from 57 COPD patients who had spiro...

BACKGROUND We previously showed that the long-acting beta agonist (LABA) salmeterol as inhalation powder or metered-dose inhaler improves lung-function parameters assessed by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in 2- to 5-year-old children with reversible-airway disease within 15 minutes. OBJECTIVE We studied 12- to 45-year-olds with mild persistent asthma in order to compare the onset and extent of p...

BACKGROUND Previous reports suggest that the peripheral airways are associated with asthma control. Patient history, although subjective, is used largely to assess asthma control in children because spirometric results are many times normal values. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an objective and noninvasive measurement of lung function that has the potential to examine independently both small- ...

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) patients sometimes show signs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanism causing hypoxia during sleep in SVCS patients is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to elucidate 1) the changes in central and peripheral respiratory resistance with SVCS; and 2) interpret the mechanism underlying the development of hypoxia during sleep in patients w...

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe pfh1+ gene (PIF1 homolog) encodes an essential enzyme that has both DNA helicase and ATPase activities and is implicated in lagging strand DNA processing. Mutations in the pfh1+ gene suppress a temperature-sensitive allele of cdc24+, which encodes a protein that functions with Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dna2 in Okazaki fragment processing. In this study, we describe...

This study examines the potential implications of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0°C global warming levels (GWLs) on austral summer (November–March) extreme precipitation indices over Zambezi River basin (ZRB) relative to control period (1971–2000). We computed based daily data from observations Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Coordinated Output for Evaluations (CORE) multi-model ensemble...

This paper analyzes the relationships between the values and dispersion of residential properties and the environmental-health quality of their locations. It constructs residents’ health-adjusted lifetime-utility function by combining satisfaction from consumption over the lifespan with risk to life from living in an environmentally unhealthy location. It employs this utility function to analyz...