The pyrrolidine ring of nicotine has been shown to be formed from ornithine, glutamic acid, and proline (l-5). Although little information is available concerning the interrelationship of these three amino acids in higher plants, Al-pyrrolinedcarboxylate (in equilibrium with glutamic semialdehyde) has been shown to be a key intermediate in their interconversion in animals and microorganisms (6,...

In the title compound, C(32)H(37)NO(8), the central pyran ring adopts a twist-boat conformation and the 1,3-dioxoane rings adopt envelope conformations. The acenaphthyl-enone unit and two C atoms of a pyrrolidine ring are disordered over two sets of sites [occupancy ratio 0.669 (7):0.331 (7)]. The major fraction of the disordered pyrrolidine ring exhibits an envelope conformation while the mino...

We analyzed a recently reported (K. Seno, T. Okuno, K. Nishi, Y. Murakami, F. Watanabe, T. Matsuur, M. Wada, Y. Fujii, M. Yamada, T. Ogawa, T. Okada, H. Hashizume, M. Kii, S.-H. Hara, S. Hagishita, S. Nakamoto, J. Med. Chem. 43 (2000)) pyrrolidine-based inhibitor, pyrrolidine-1, against the human group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2 K-isoform (cPLA2K). Pyrrolidine-1 inhibits cPLA2K by 50% when p...

We aimed to investigate the influence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) on the biological behavior of Y79 retinoblastoma cells exposed to hypoxia and its possible mechanism. The cells were administrated with hypoxia, and/or 5 μM pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (a selective NF-κB inhibitor) to inhibit the NF-κB activity, expressions of NF-κB was measured by western blot, and the translocation of N...

A strain of Pseudomonas Jluorescens (ATCC 13430) was isolated which could utilize either pyrrolidine or putrescine as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for growth. An investigation of the metabolism of pyrrolidine by this organism (1) suggested Al-pyrroline (I) as the first product of pyrrolidine catabolism followed by y-aminobutyric acid (III). Enzymes which were induced by growt...

In the title compound, C(29)H(24)F(2)N(2)O(2), one of the pyrrolidine rings of the pyrrolizine system is disordered over two sites, with occupancy factors 0.734:0.266 (12). Both components of the disordered pyrrolidine ring adopt envelope conformations, whereas the other pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation. The mol-ecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds a...

Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine, piperidine, and indolizidine alkaloids are of great interest because of their specific glycosidase inhibitory activity." Moreover, it has recently been found in our laboratories that swainsonine (1), a representative of the polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloids, has an immunostimulating activity, possibly as a result of its glycosidase inhibitory activity.21 This...

Diabetes is often associated with psychological complications such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on anxiety of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse using the open field and the elevated plus maze tests. Confirmed diabetic mice (>16.7 mM/l of blood glucose) were treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or 0.9% saline for 10 w. After...

Reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanone with lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS, TMS(2)NLi) displays highly solvent-dependent chemoselectivity. LiHMDS in THF/toluene effect enolization. Rate studies using in situ IR spectroscopy are consistent with a THF concentration-dependent monomer-based pathway. LiHMDS in pyrrolidine/toluene affords exclusively 1,2-addition of the pyrrolidine fragment to form ...

In the title compound, C(11)H(19)NO(5), the five-membered pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. The dihedral angles between the carboxyl group plane, the pyrrolidine ring and the meth-oxy group are 59.50 (3) and 62.02 (1)°, respectively. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into chains along [100]. The absolute configuration is assigned in accord ...