flocculation processes during estuarine mixing can reduce the elemental concentrations of river water. in the present investigation, natural flocculation processes concept is used to reduce the elemental contents of industrial wastewater. for this purpose, various amounts of saline water were added to an artificial industrial wastewater with known concentrations of heavy metals. the results of ...

the present investigation provides a thorough study of eliminating soluble and colloidal elements of copper, iron, magnesium and zinc during estuarine mixing of gorganrood river water with caspian sea water in iran. the processes of flocculation were carried out in 10 aquariums in order to furnish the salinity in an interval of 0.3 - 4.4 ppt. the obtained result is indicative of non- conservat...

The purpose of this working paper is to provide brief background on climatic variability and changes that may be anticipated over the 21 century which may affect estuarine ecosystems, with emphasis on the United States. Perspectives on climate change are distilled from a number of international, national and regional assessments of the consequences of climate variability and change that have be...

BACKGROUND Human activities have increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide by 36% during the past 200 years. One third of all anthropogenic CO(2) has been absorbed by the oceans, reducing pH by about 0.1 of a unit and significantly altering their carbonate chemistry. There is widespread concern that these changes are altering marine habitats severely, but little or no attention has...

Large-bodied, top-predators are often highly mobile, with the potential to provide important linkages between spatially distinct food webs. What biological factors contribute to variation in cross-ecosystem movements, however, have rarely been examined. Here, we investigated how ontogeny (body size), sex and individual-level behaviour impacts intrapopulation variation in cross-ecosystem foragin...

The flocculation of dissolved heavy metals is a process which has an important effect on decreasing the concentration of the colloidal elements during estuarine mixing of river water and sea or ocean water. During this important process, a large amount of colloidal elements change into particles in the form of flock and the dissolved loads decline. This study is performed to evaluate the mechani...