to cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using electronic road pricing policy as a demand management measure. in 1982, hong kong governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in hong kong. though, the project outcome reveals that electronic road pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...

The uniform delivered price is the price contains mill price and transportation cost. Although the firms bear the transportation cost, practically the firms would pass all or part of transportation cost through to consumers. The research finds that, as the demand curve slopes downward or there exists competitors or potential competitors, the U.D.P. firms neither can pass all of transportation c...

This paper discusses the evaluation of synergies that derive from the implementation of policy packages designed to promote the use of public transportation and limit traffic congestion in urban areas. In this study, we propose the application of a land-use and transportation integrated (LUTI) model to study the outcomes from the implementation of two policy packages. We apply the long-term str...

To cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using Electronic Road Pricing policy as a demand management measure. In 1982, Hong Kong Governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in Hong Kong. Though, the project outcome reveals that Electronic Road Pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...

Pricing schemes have been proposed to address the negative externalities of freight transportation. Literature related to the following pricing strategies are reviewed: pricing programs aimed at changing shipper’s mode choice, and schemes aimed at shifting freight deliveries to off-peak hours. Evidence from empirical and theoretical studies suggests that pricing strategies may have limited effe...

in order to improve the level of intelligence, availability, being on demand, convenience, information and humanization of rural public transportation systems, they are more willing to use modern information and communicative technologies. in addition to management services, intelligent transportation systems can provide passengers, drivers, travel agencies and other institutions with other ser...

Near field communication (NFC) is a recent popular technology that will facilitate many aspects of payments with mobile tokens. In the domain of public transportation payment systems electronic payments have many benefits, including improved throughput, new capabilities (congestion-based pricing etc.) and user convenience. A common concern when using electronic payments is that a user’s privacy...

With telecommunications in a slump, the search is on for ways to re-invigorate this key industry. The main problems are clearly economic much more than technological, and many of the proposed remedies would lead to new architectures for the Internet that would provide for greater control by carriers. They would drastically reduce the role of the end-to-end principle, the main foundation for the...