Private road associations (PRAs) manage two thirds of the road network in Sweden. They manage the roads at less cost and with better results than the Government road agencies. In fact, the PRAs perform so well that some urban municipalities request the associations to manage the municipal roads which connect to the private roads. There are also PRAs that are responsible for ferry services, for ...

Recent concessions in France and in the USA have resulted in a dramatic difference in the valuation placed on the toll roads; the price paid by the investors in France was 12 times current cash flow whereas investors paid 60 times current cash flow for US toll roads. In this paper, we explore two questions: what accounts for the difference in these multiples? and what are the implications with ...

Estimating the population density of deer is an essential task for public agencies that plan a herd reduction. Distance sampling has been increasingly utilized to estimate population density, and is used by the National Park Service to estimate white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities throughout the eastern United States. Many of these surveys are conducted along public roads due to...

Are roads key to raising living standards in poor rural areas? This study evaluates the impact of the World Bank–financed Viet Nam rural transport project I, a large-scale rural roads rehabilitation project that aims to reduce poverty. The analysis will focus on the welfare impacts of rural roads as an input to policy discussion about how best to allocate scarce public resources for poverty red...

Are roads the key to raising living standards in poor rural areas? This study evaluates the impact of the World Bank–financed Viet Nam rural transport project I, a large-scale rural roads rehabilitation project that aims to reduce poverty. The analysis will focus on the welfare impacts of rural roads as an input to policy discussion about how best to allocate scarce public resources for poverty...

A fundamental requirement for making sustainable improvements to rural infrastructure is a clear understanding of who will finance maintenance and capital improvements. In the past the question of financing rural roads has centered primarily on the role of governments. Given the acute scarcity of financial and human resources in most developing countries, there are simply too many kilometers of...

conclusions tram tracks on public roads are potentially dangerous and can lead to serious injuries and even mortality amongst cyclist. operative intervention is frequently needed. background in cities with trams as public transportation, tram tracks are often on public roads, creating a shared road situation with other road participants like cyclists. beside the risk of direct collisions, this ...

Residential proximity to busy roads has been associated with adverse health outcomes, and school location may also be an important determinant of children's exposure to traffic-related pollutants. The goal of this study was to examine the characteristics of public schools (grades K-12) in California (n = 7,460) by proximity to major roads. We determined maximum daily traffic counts for all road...