Courtyards are traditionally associated with the Middle East countries, where climate and culture have given shape to a particular type of traditional architecture. The study evaluates environmental social impacts courtyards in an educational building integrated occupant’s interaction behavior. case University Sharjah includes eight different unoccupied for many years, locations around various ...

This paper introduces my exploration of techniques that attempt to methodically visualize everyday life so as to allow cultural context to be transferred into a comparable and discussible form. Although, everyday tactics are of dynamic flows that cannot be notated structurally, they can be depicted. The visual depiction is formed on an objective and integrated temporal scale structure so as to ...

At present, the energy used for air conditioning in buildings urban areas accounts over 36% of total global consumption. Energy efficiency has become a critical factor planning cities worldwide. Courtyard hot are prime example approach traditional vernacular architecture to mitigate effects extreme weather. However, given challenge guaranteeing accurate modelling microclimates within these cour...

Darkale of Soma, Manisa is a historical rural settlement in Western Anatolia. The aim this paper to identify the characteristics houses and present typology based on their authentic architectural characteristics. method evaluation housing units with tools discipline conservation. evaluated are lot size organization, unit-neighbor relations, storey system, spatial construction technique, materia...

OBJECTIVE To describe where smokers smoke outdoors, where non-smokers are exposed outdoors to secondhand smoke (SHS), and attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 (n=1307 participants). SETTING Barcelona, Spain. PARTICIPANTS Representative, random...