Habitat split is a major force behind the worldwide decline of amphibian populations, causing community change in richness and species composition. In fragmented landscapes, natural remnants, the terrestrial habitat of the adults, are frequently separated from streams, the aquatic habitat of the larvae. An important question is how this landscape configuration affects population levels and if i...

Mask wearing plays a vital role in the fight against novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite its ubiquity everyday social life, it is still unknown how masked faces are mentally represented. Drawing on construal-level theory, we test hypothesis that and unmasked implicitly associated with psychological distance proximity memory, respectively. Four preregistered, high-powered experiments ( N = 354...

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological factors and walking behavior in order to provide evidence supporting the implementation of measures for behavioral change for the success of urban planning initiatives. The acceptable walking distance is selected as an intermediate variable between psychological factors and actual walking distance. The results indica...

The results of 6 experiments indicate that emotional intensity reduces perceived psychological distance. People who described events emotionally rather than neutrally perceived those events as less psychologically distant, including embarrassing autobiographical events (Experiment 1), past and future dentist visits (Experiment 2), positive and negative events (Experiment 3), and a national trag...

Quantitative models of the species-area-distance relation, based on equilibria between immigration and extinction rates, have been tested against data for birds on 52 Solomon islands. Biologically reasonable models account for 98% of the variance in species number. The data are adequate to permit determination of immigration and extinction curves and the values of seven associated parameters. T...

Some extinction laws for radiation transmitted through inhomogeneous random media were discussed by Kostinski [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 1929 (2001)] by means of a complicated use of concepts of statistical theory of fluids. We show that these extinction laws are readily obtained in terms of classical probability theory. The validity of exponential extinction laws for large observation distances (...