In this study, proton conductive composite membranes were produced by using a poly(methylmethacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) (P(MMA-co-MAH)) copolymer and phosphotungstic Acid (PWA) as an additive of the proton conductive agent. P(MMA/MAH) 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 were synthesized using a free radical polymerization reaction. PWA with a concentration of 2% was added to...

Proton-detected 1H-13C heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy [( 1H,13C]-COSY) was used to establish relations between the carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in the hexadeoxynucleoside pentaphosphate d-(GCATGC)2. Using the previously established sequence-specific proton NMR assignments, sequence-specific assignments were thus obtained for nearly all proton-bearing ca...

The phosphorus-proton nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) was used to investigate the quantitative distribution of rotamers about the C3'-03' bond (&') of 3'-AMP and 2',3'-cyclic-CMP and the C4'-C5', C5' 05' bonds (41, 0) of 5'AMP. Phosphorus-proton and proton-proton NOE's were used to provide a qualitative insight into the backbone conformation and the glycosyl angle torsions of adenosylyl-(3' 5')...

Mitochondria couple respiration to ATP synthesis through an electrochemical proton gradient. Proton leak across the inner membrane allows adjustment of the coupling efficiency. The aim of this review is threefold: 1) introduce the unfamiliar reader to proton leak and its physiological significance, 2) review the role and regulation of uncoupling proteins, and 3) outline the prospects of proton ...

In cytochrome c oxidase, a requirement for proton pumping is a tight coupling between electron and proton transfer, which could be accomplished if internal electron-transfer rates were controlled by uptake of protons. During reaction of the fully reduced enzyme with oxygen, concomitant with the "peroxy" to "oxoferryl" transition, internal transfer of the fourth electron from CuA to heme a has t...

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the equivalent dose in vital organs, including heart and lung, due to secondary particles produced during breast proton therapy. Materials and Methods: The numerical ORNL female-phantom was improved and simulated using the Monte Carlo MCNPX code. The depth-dose profile of proton beams with different energies was simulated. The proper energy ran...

background: the purpose of this paper is to establish an easy and reliable biodosimeter protocol to evaluate the biological effects of proton beams. materials and methods: human peripheral blood lymphocytes were irradiated using proton beams (let: 34.6 kev μm−1), and the chromosome aberrations induced were analyzed using cytokinesis-blocked (cb) micronucleus (mn) assay. to determine the efficie...

Introduction Proton therapy is used to treat malignant tumors such as melanoma inside the eye. Proton particles are adjusted according to various parameters such as tumor size and position and patient’s distance from the proton source. The purpose of this study was to assess absorbed doses in eyes and various tumors found in the area of sclera and choroid and the adjacent tissues in radiotherap...

An improved M.I.T. bag model with hyper central interaction is used to calculate the charge radius for proton containing u and d quarks. We present a theoretical approach to the internal structure of three-body hyper central interacting quarks in a proton, in which we take proton as a bag. We discuss a few of results obtained using a six-dimension potential, which is attractive for small separa...