The literature on political participation asserts that protest has increased over the last four decades, all over the world. This trend is derived from surveys asking questions about participation in various forms of protest, including demonstrations, boycotts, and unofficial strikes. The latter question made sense in the context in which it was formulated, Britain in the early 1970s, and with ...

This article analyses the challenge of collecting heritage present-day global protest movements, which are shaped and influenced by digital practices. In focus analysis mass-street demonstrations took place in cities all over Poland 2020 2021 to denounce ruling Constitutional Tribunal imposing a near-total ban on abortion (the “women’s rebellion”). Considered as largest social protests since fa...

This paper analyzes the impact of changing political opportunities, and more particularly of changes in the composition of government, on the levels, political leaning and forms of protest mobilization. The literature provides us with contradictory expectations as to these questions, some stressing openess of the political system, some closure, and some a combination of openness and closure as ...

In December I travelled to Copenhagen for the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP). I did not attend any of the ocial meetings in the Bella Center, where the conference was based, but rather participated outside the conference in a range of protest activities directed against the actions (and more importantly the inactions) of the ocial parties. ere is much to be said about the protes...

Protest movements around the world have become increasingly likely to incite counterprotests that adopt an opposing stance. This study examines how a protest and counterprotest interact with shape each other as digitally networked connective action. My empirical focus is so-called Million MAGA March—in which supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump protested “stealing” November 2020 election b...

Scholars have paid increasing attention to the role of culture in social movements’ emergence, trajectories, and impacts. Culture is no longer conceptualized as a subjective lens through which people perceive objective structures, but rather as a key dimension of those structures. This has allowed researchers to shed new light onwhy certain areas of social life come to be contestedwhen they do,...

This article examines the role that women’s cultures and communities have played in political protest and social change. We argue that women’s cultures, which form around the reproductive roles, labor, and emotional expectations placed on women, have been used to express femininity and as cultural resources or ‘‘toolkits’’ to transform male-dominated spheres of society. We begin by defining wom...

A recent trend in the literature on social movements is the focus on how social movement organizations influence not only their challengers but also other social movement organizations, both in other movements and movements in diffrent countries. This article shows how diffusion theory helps us to better understand this process by specifing ways in which social movement organizations within the...