Recent progress in third-generation electrochemical biosensors based on the direct electron transfer of proteins is reviewed. The development of three generations of electrochemical biosensors is also simply addressed. Special attention is paid to protein-film voltammetry, which is a powerful way to obtain the direct electron transfer of proteins. Research activities on various kinds of biosens...

Examining electron transfer between two proteins with identical spectroscopic signatures is a challenging task. It is supposed that several multiheme cytochromes in Shewanella oneidensis form a molecular "wire" through which electrons are transported across the cellular space and a direct study of this transient protein-protein interaction has not yet been reported. In this study, we present va...

A model liquid liquid interface formed by an ultrathin hydrophilic polypeptide film at a chemically modified gold surface in contact with a 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) electrolyte solution is characterized with a combination of electrochemical and in situ polarization modulation FTIR (PM-FTIR) measurements. The hydrophilic films are prepared by the sequential layer by layer electrostatic adsorptio...

even though the use of enzymes as useful analytical reagents when immobilized onto a transducer such as an electrochemical device has been reported in the literature for nearly two decades, the direct, i.e. unmediated electrochemistry of enzymes is, nevertheless, a rather recent development. efforts will be made to introduce the fundamental basis for protein-surface interactions with emphasis o...

Rieske clusters are unusual amongst [2Fe-2S] clusters because they are ligated by two cysteine and two histidine residues, and because their reduction potentials ([2Fe-2S]) are strongly pH dependent. The pH-dependence arises from deprotonation of the two histidine ligands, which coordinate the redox-active iron centre. Rieske clusters are important components of two respiratory enzymes, the cyt...

We have studied myoglobin (Mb) on graphite basal plane and on self-assembled didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) monoand multilayers with in situ tapping-mode AFM, cyclic voltammetry, and differential capacitance measurements. On graphite, Mb molecules adsorb and aggregate into chainlike features. The aggregation indicates an attractive interaction between the adsorbed molecules. In contra...