Genetic engineering innovations are protectable in intellectual property law system as intellectual properties. Protection of many of these innovations in economic, environmental, moral and human rights fundamentals is justifiable. Based on existing fundamentals in field of mentioned aspects, protection of genetic engineering innovations is provided to application of economic, environmental, mo...

Exceptions to literary and artistic property have a particular place in the legal system. Its definition, scope, comparison in TRIPS Agreement and Berne Convention, and the possibility of agreement against expect that serve public interests are the core issues that this Article addresses. Also, since the identification of the right to intellectual property is a key matter that correlate the stu...

Patent claims determining the legal protection extent of an invention play an essential role in patent rights. Type and drafting of patent claims constitute indeed the important elements for determining legal protection extent of an invention on the one hand and enforcing patenee's exclusive right against competitors on the other hand. While different drafting or interpreting methods of pate...

peace and national security protection and ironic solving of international conflicts become the preliminary foundation of the united nations charter and had been considered as the main responsibilities of the security council, after world war ii and the establishment of united nations organization. therefore, the security council enables to analyze every kind of conflicts and challenges which ...

 <xm     Right of business or carrier or trade and right of goodwill are two distinct financial rights that have been recognized by our legislator, owning intangible subject matters, so these subject matters can be examined under the umbrella of intellectual property as long as they origina...

The limitations and exceptions on the copyright and related rights is one of the most challenging and interesting issues of intellectual property rights and legislated with the aim of understanding of the public interest in the legal system. These limitations and exceptions has different categories such as library use, educational use, and so on, but as their implementation, there is the nee...

among the low–dimensional allotropes of carbon, nanotubes and graphene have attracted very much attention from nano–science and nanotechnology specialists. they have been proposed as building blocks in nanometer device engineering. however, these structures are not defect–free. in this thesis, we focused on defective carbon nanotubes and graphene, and studied the effect of couple of very common...

wireless sensor networks (wsns) are one of the most interesting consequences of innovations in different areas of technology including wireless and mobile communications, networking, and sensor design. these networks are considered as a class of wireless networks which are constructed by a set of sensors. a large number of applications have been proposed for wsns. besides having numerous applic...