BACKGROUND Switching to raltegravir in selected patients treated with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors may result in similar efficacy and lower plasma lipids. METHODS SPIRAL is a 48-week multicentre, open-label trial in which HIV-infected adults with less than 50 copies/ml of plasma HIV RNA for at least the previous 6 months on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based therapy were rand...

abstract background and objective: highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) can effectively prevent the progression of hiv-1 replication and increase life expectancy. there are numerous causes of treatment failure and the leading one is drug resistance. thus, we aimed to determine the hiv rt gene drug resistance mutations in patients treated with antiretroviral medications. material and met...

OBJECTIVE Limited data are available from the developing world on antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1 infected children failing protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy, especially in the context of a high tuberculosis burden. We describe the proportion of children with drug resistance mutations after failed protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy as well as associated factor...

Netherton syndrome is a congenital ichthyosis associated with erythroderma, hair shaft defects, and atopic features. The mutations of the secretory serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 gene have been identified in Netherton syndrome patients; however, the actual physiologic substrates of the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 proprotein are unknown, and how the genetic defects cause chara...

OBJECTIVE To describe a syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy (fat wasting of the face, limbs and upper trunk), hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving potent HIV protease inhibitor therapy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient clinic of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS HIV-infected patients either receiving at least one protease inhibitor (n=116) o...

The Front Cover shows that MPI8, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, dually inhibits human cathepsin L to prevent the RNA genome from leaving endosome. MPI8 is reversible covalent inhibitor of displays high potency in inhibiting virus vitro. It also selectively over other tested cathepsins. design by Dr. Xinyu Ma. More information can be found Full Paper R. Ma, Shiqing Xu, Wenshe Ray Liu et al.

Background: To investigate the levels and clinical significance of serum homocysteine (Hcy), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), fat-specific adipokine (visfatin) in elderly patients with different types coronary heart disease (CHD).