Two insulin dependent diabetics with previous anaphylactic like (anaphylactoid) reactions to protamine underwent successful cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery surgery. Platelet concentrates instead of protamine were used to neutralise their systemic heparinisation. In both cases the anaphylactoid reactions first became apparent after administration of protamine sulphate at the end of ca...

Natural and synthetic polycationic proteins, such as protamine, have been used to reproduce the tissue injury and changes in epithelial permeability caused by positively charged substances released by polymorphonuclear cells during inflammation. Protamine has diverse and often conflicting effects on epithelial permeability. The effects of this polycation on the distribution and expression of ti...

Trout testis maturation is characterized by the complete replacement of the histones by the protamines. During this process, the protamines are extensively modified by enzymatic phosphorylation of their seryl residues. In addition, a methionyl residue is transiently incorporated at the NH2 terminus of newly synthesized protamine. However, these modifying groups are removed by the time that sper...

A mouse protamine 1 cDNA probe was used to study P1 protamine gene expression during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. In situ hybridization experiments showed that transcription of the P1 protamine mRNA starts in the middle of step 7 of spermiogenesis during substage VIIc. The mRNA levels stay high in steps 7-14 spermatids but decrease during steps 15-16 and are virtually un...

_____________ _ (J. Extra-Corpor. Techno/. 19 [3] p. 358-364 Fall1987, 16 ref.) Many of the clinical protocols currently used to calculate the protamine (Pr) dosage for heparin neutralization following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) utilize an empirical Pr to heparin ratio. Pr titration, though a proven method of dosage calculation, is inherently tedious and thus not routinely used in the operati...

The DNA of most vertebrate sperm cells is packaged by protamines. The primary structure of mammalian protamine I can be divided into three domains, a central DNA binding domain that is arginine-rich and amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains that are rich in cysteine residues. In native bull sperm chromatin, intramolecular disulfide bonds hold the terminal domains of bull protamine folded back on...

We previously reported the development of a cellulose fiber based blood filter device containing immobilized protamine (termed protamine filter) that could be used to control both heparin- and protamine-induced complications during extracorporeal therapy. To achieve enhanced heparin adsorption on the fibers, we examined the possibility of utilizing the poly-L-lysine based amplification method t...

Osteoinductive scaffolds are required for bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to assess the osteoinductive capacity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/protamine complexes in a rat model of critical-size calvarial defects. In addition, we investigated whether cultured mesenchymal-like cells (DP-cells) outgrown from DNA/protamine complex engrafted defects could differentiate to ...

BACKGROUND When used to reverse the anticoagulant effect of heparin, protamine sulfate often causes vasodilation that can lead to systemic hypotension. Protamine is rich in the basic amino acid arginine, which is the precursor of endothelial cell synthesis of nitric oxide, and nitric oxide is the active component of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). METHODS AND RESULTS To determine ...

This study attempted to develop chitosan-based nanoparticles with increased stability and antibacterial activity. The chitosan/protamine hybrid nanoparticles were formed based on an ionic gelation method by mixing chitosan with protamine and subsequently cross-linking the mixtures with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The effects of protamine on the chemical structures, physical properties, and a...