This paper investigates equilibrium strategies for both horizontal (HJP) and vertical (VJP) joint promotions (cooperative advertising) in the supply chain. A game theoretic model is solved for two setups: a centralized channel competing with a decentralized one (DC), and two competing decentralized channels (DD). Retailers decide of HJP and regular promotional efforts, as well as of prices. Man...

OBJECTIVE To examine the presence of features of sales promotion in cigarette advertising in United States magazines, and to describe trends in youth (ages 12-17) exposure to such advertising (termed "promotional advertising"). DESIGN Analysis of 1980-1993 annual data on: (a) total pages and expenditures for "promotional advertising" (advertising that contains features of sales promotion) in ...

This study aims to determine the promotion mix at Banjarmasin State Polytechnic Business Administration Study Program and find out obstacles faced efforts made related implementation of Promotional Mix. uses descriptive methods, data collection techniques used are interviews, observations documentation. While analysis technique is qualitative analysis.The results this indicate that in carrying ...

OBJECTIVES Unethical drug promotion is a common problem worldwide. In, Nepal, there is limited vigilance on the quality of information supplied by the drug companies to the doctors. The objectives of this study were to analyze the promotional materials provided by the drug companies as per WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. METHODS Promotional materials present in the Drug Inf...

Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider waste streamreduction alternativessuch as household recycling. Explaining the factors which motivate households to recycle is important to regions where households must bear a large portion of the recycling cost because unit-based garbage disposal fees and curbside recycling are not feasible options. Empirical results indicate t...

Evidence-Based Answer Invitation letters are the most studied method of encouraging cervical cancer screening, and they are effective (relative risk [RR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 1.52).1-3 Invitation letters may be more cost-effective than more intensive recruitment efforts (e.g., telephone interviews, promotional campaigns). Other educational interventions (e.g., other typ...

Cooperative advertising is an incentive offered by a manufacturer to influence retailers’ promotional decisions. We study a dynamic durable goods duopoly with a manufacturer and two independent and competing retailers. The manufacturer as a Stackelberg leader announces his wholesale prices and his shares of retailers’ advertising costs, and the retailers in response play a Nash differential gam...

The pharmaceutical industry is accountable on the one hand to its shareholders and on the other to the community at large. These two obligations can, in principle, be met. However, the industry has developed practices that do not consider society, including excessive or inappropriate pricing of drugs, an indifference to the needs and limitations of the developing world, an imbalance between tru...

Purpose – The tourism industry service network (TISN) is considered to be one of the largest components of tourism in the modern Vietnamese economy. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (VNAT) is currently developing a long-term plan to diversify the country’s tourism industry and to improve the destination image of Vietnam. To successfully implement this plan, the Vietnamese tourism ...