background in this study, we evaluated the prevalence of the most common mutations occurring in enhancer ii (enhii), basal core promoter (bcp), precore (pc), and core (c) regions of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome. objectives we also investigated the correlation between hbv variants, their genotypes, and patients’ hbe antigen (hbeag: soluble shape of the capsid antigen) status patients and metho...

Background: ATP-binding cassette membrane transporter G2 (ABCG2) gene is one of transporter family and well characterized for their association with chemoresistance. Promoter methylation is a mechanism for regulation of gene expression. O6-Methyl guanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) gene plays a fundamental role in DNA repair. MGMT has the ability to remove alkyl adducts from DNA at the O6 pos...

objective: e-cadherin is widely down-regulated and tightly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in multiple human cancer types. recent studies have shown that aberrant methylation of the e-cadherin gene promoter contributes to its silencing. however, information regarding epigenetic inactivation of e-cadherin in colorectal cancer is insufficient. herein, we correlate association of the...

hypermethylation of cpg islands located in the promoter regions of genes is a major event in the development of the majority of cancer types, due to the subsequent aberrant silencing of important tumor suppressor genes. klotho; a novel gene associated primarily with suppressing senescence has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of its impaired function. recently the relevance ...

Background: The protein of Niemann-pick type C1 (NPC1) gene promotes the egress of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes to other cellular compartments and contributes to a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. This study aimed to examine whether promoter methylation of NPC1 is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Fifty CVD patients and 50 healthy sub...

objective: the greatest challenge in cancer gene therapy is to achieve the high specificity and efficiency in targeting of cancer cells. because the goal of cancer gene therapy is to eradicate cancer cells, many therapeutic genes could be detrimental if unintentionally expressed in normal cells. using promoter of the genes which are expressed specifically in cancer cells or have much more expre...

there are two different co-expression systems including bicistronic; dual-vector or two-promoter to express two different genes simultaneously and also to study protein-protein interactions. bicistronic system has disadvantages e.g. compared with two-promoter system. in this paper, a simple method based on spliced overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction (soe-pcr) technique was demonstrat...

the interaction between immune cells and endothelial lining of blood vessels is vital in many processes such as inflammatory and immune responses as well as cancer cell metastasis. the expression level of vcam-1 is regulated by many factors including the promoter activity that is possibly affected by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) present in the promoter. there are previous reports ...

Background & Objective: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is considered to be the most common type of thyroid malignancies. Epigenetic alteration, in which the chromatin conformation and gene expression change without changing the sequence of DNA, can occur in some tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Methylation is the most common type of epigenetic alterations that can be an ex...