We investigated the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala substitution and insulin resistance in subjects with normal insulin secretory capacity, since it has been reported that PPARgamma may affect not only insulin resistance but also insulin secretion. We examined 81 Japanese male patients with untreated essential hypertension using the glu...

Carbohydrate, protein, and carbohydrate-protein supplements were compared to determine their effects on muscle glycogen storage during recovery from prolonged exhaustive exercise. Nine male subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. Immediately and 2 h after each exercise bout, they ingested 112.0 g carbohydrate (CHO), 40.7 g protein (PRO), or 1...

The metabolic syndrome is an agglomeration of interrelated risk factors that is associated with nearly 5-fold increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and a 2-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) [1]. Reaven first suggested this cluster of metabolic abnormalities in 1988. It is characterized by insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia and a systemic pro-infla...

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly associated with insulin resistance. The underlying pathophysiology remains unclear but intermittent hypoxia (IH)-mediated inflammation and subsequent dysfunction of the adipose tissue has been hypothesised to play a key role.We tested this hypothesis employing a comprehensive translational approach using a murine IH model of lean and diet-induced o...

UNLABELLED Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) leads to a cascade of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant responses which are important in the pathogenesis of the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It is known that pro-inflammatory mechanisms underpin the development of type 2 diabetes. Our hypothesis is that RAGE may be involved in the evolution of ins...

BACKGROUND Certain adipokines exert direct effects on proteinuria, a cardiovascular risk factor ignored in hemodialysis. We measured different adipokines according to body mass index (BMI) in relation to proteinuria. METHODS Patients numbered 57: group A (GA), BMI<25, n = 22; GB, BMI 25-30, n = 15; and GC, BMI > 30, n = 20. There were no statistical differences in age, sex, time on dialysis, ...

In obesity, persistent low-grade inflammation is considered as a major contributor towards the progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes while in lean subjects the immune environment is non-inflammatory. Massive adipose tissue (AT) infiltration by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and several T cell subsets as obesity develops leads to the accumulation - both in the AT and systemicall...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that selected abnormalities cluster in type 2 diabetic families. Offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes have a 40-60% chance of developing type 2 diabetes and an increased frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or unknown diabetes. These offspring also show metabolic abnormalities of type 2 diabetes, such as insulin resistance, high insulin and pro-in...