With an increasing number of private toll road projects constructed or proposed in the U.S. through various forms of public private partnerships, and with more states removing legal constraints on the entry of private roads into the existing public road system, there are imperative needs to analyze the welfare and financial implications of utilizing private sector capitals in road financing for...

This paper reports on some key indicators of the economic significance of the science base. We ask first what the effects of state funding of the science base are. In particular, we ask how state funding of the science base in the UK affects private sector involvement, including the R&D location decisions of multinational firms. We then ask how public science funding affects private sector prod...

Private R&D is a major source of innovation and productivity growth in agriculture worldwide. This paper examines trends and determinants of agricultural R&D in China. Results show that while the public sector monopolized agricultural research until recently, private agricultural R&D has grown rapidly since 2000, driven largely by agribusiness privatization. Public-sector R&D investments in bas...

there are two main reasons for studying investment in an economy. first, the combination of firms? investment demand and household?s saving supply determines how much of an economys? resoures is invested. second, investment is highly volatile; thus investment demand may be important in the short-run fluctuations. the present article examins the relationship and veracity of existence of banks pr...

Technological innovation is vital to enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing poverty in many developing countries. Public investment in research and development has historically driven technological change in agriculture; however, recent trends suggest that the private sector may play a larger role in the future. Although there is optimism about the private sector’s ability to generate...

The Housing sector can be considered both the exchange of intermediate goods and the investment goods for the manufacturing sectors. The housing sector is the buyer of intermediate goods such as brick, cement, iron etc from one side, and uses the investment goods such as crane etc from other side. Furthermore, it uses the labour force. Thus, the housing sector has three types of buying which in...

In this article, I try to find out what are the effects of financial variablessuch as ratio of private sector deposits to GDP and ratio of bank credit toprivate sector to GDP and value of stocks trade in Tehran stockexchange to total current value of stocks and private sector liquidity toGDP on total investment.We use two models to test our hypothesis the first is a model for Iranand the second...

this paper extends endogenous growth models through augmenting it with government budget and oil revenues as well as the effect of public investment efficiency on long run growth of private and government consumption and import for an oil producing economy. based on the extracted model, the optimal growth rate of government current expenditure (or consumption) has a positive relation with the e...

this study is intended to investigate the level of public-private cooperation in the process of agricultural development from the view point of potential investors and producers. to achieve this objective we used an adjusted jensen model as a conceptual framework for cooperation. in this process mutual responsibilities is provided to reveal different dimensions of strategic cooperation between ...