1. introduction cities are geographic phenomenon that always leads major developments in human history. they are not only interacting with their local hinterland, but also interacting with other cities in economic and social fields. with increasing developments in recent decades in different areas, more placements for cities and geographical studies have been provided again. among the reasons t...

the private area (privacy) is a humanitarian issue and one of the concepts of developed lawful systems which is closely related to human dignity. therefore, supporting and protecting the individuals' personalities and the citizens' rights requires protection of privacy, which leads to human signification. privacy is not clearly and meaningfully supported, in iranian law. like the posi...

The present research addressed the relation between catastrophizing, depression and response expectancies in anticipation of an experimental pain procedure. One hundred and twenty undergraduates (48 men, 72 women) participated in exchange for course credit. Prior to immersing one arm in a container of ice water, participants were asked to complete measures of catastrophizing and depression, and...

This Article explores the relationship between consumer credit markets and bankruptcy policy. In general, I argue that the causative relationships running between borrowing and bankruptcy compel a new strategy for policing the conduct of lenders and borrowers in modern consumer credit markets. The strategy must be sensitive to the role of the credit card in lending markets and must recognize th...

Installing a live camera in an office or laboratory can provide reliable high-quality communication among collaborators who are physically separated, but may also lead to privacy concerns. We propose a technique for displaying presence information using a three-dimensional object as a mask that covers the image of people in the live camera system. Our technique enables information to be shared ...

Information-based organizations such as universities engage in the collection and use of personal information about customers such as students. Do students feel concerned about their university’s practices related to students’ personal data collection and use? What effects do these two concerns have on students’ feeling of alienation? Using data collected from a survey of 187 students at a larg...

The new classical macroeconomics is today certainly the most coherent, if not the dominant, school of macroeconomic thought. The pivotal document in its two decades of development is Robert Lucas’s 1976 paper, “Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique.” Lucas argued against the then reigning methods of evaluating the quantitative effects of economic policies on the grounds that the models used...