We present explicit formulae for the eccentric connectivity index and Wiener index of 2-dimensional square and comb lattices with open ends. The formulae for these indices of 2-dimensional square lattices with ends closed at themselves are also derived. The index for closed ends case divided by the same index for open ends case in the limit N →&infin defines a novel quantity we call compression...

the rapid and intensive progress in science and technology in the world, despite its abundant advantages and gifts of welfare and comfort for the mankind, in many ways, it has pushed human security to face grave tragic events. to give an example, the progress in chemistry before the great war, made it possible to produce and use toxic gases including phosgene gas causing enormous deaths of both...

R. Jay Wallace There are two tendencies in our thinking about instrumental rationality that do not seem to cohere very well. On the one hand, the instrumental principle—enjoining us to take the means that are necessary relative to our ends—does not seem to apply indifferently to any end that we might be motivated to pursue. There is, for instance, no genuine requirement to take the means that a...

A methodology is presented to enable the usage of a digital tester for an accurate detection of open circuits as well as short circuits in test structures to control backend process steps. Therefore, a novel graph model will be introduced to calculate the resistance values of test structures containing defects. The paper gives a comprehensive description of the procedure to adjust the tester pa...

in this paper, nonlinear vibration and instability response of an embedded pipe conveying viscose fluid is investigated. the pipe is considered as a timoshenko beam embedded on an elastic foundation which is simulated by spring constant of the winkler-model and the shear constant of the pasternak-model. the external flow force, acting on the beam in the direction of the flexural displacement is...

one of the most functional reasons in the methodology of islamic principles and jurisprudence as well as law is istiṣḥāb (presumption of continuity). istiṣḥāb is judgment on the continuity of what has existed in the past. most of the legal theoreticians, after waḥīd bihbahānī, believe that istiṣḥāb is a practical principle; however, further research into the evidences for the validity of istiṣḥ...

it seems impossible to think of the persian art without mentioning the significant presence of gardens. they are present in miniature painting, architecture, and literature. one of the modern works of persian fiction in which gardens play a significant role is malakut (1961), a novella by the modern iranian fiction writer bahram sadeqi (1936-1984). the story of this novella begins in a “green g...